| Zoobenthos are the aquatic animal groups living in the bottom of water for all or most of their life cycle and its community decides many important ecological processes of the beaches wetland ecosystems. In recent years, with the development of coastal tidal flats, human disturbance has become an important role in the intense change of zoobenthos community。 As an important aspect of human disturbance, reclamation has important effect on the benthic animals of mudflat wetland. By researching the ecology transformation of the large zoobenthos living in the new mudflat wetland and formative false wetland after the reclamation, we can not only disclose their consistency, amount, the community structure. biology diversity and variety with season, and can also study different ways of using after reclamation for the change of the natural tidal flats resources reclamation effect, thus to provide scientific and rational use natural tidal flats resources reclamation scientific basis.In October2010to July2012. with Xuan Menwan wetland reclamation research base, in the mudflat wetland and artificial wetland for second anniversary of the zoobenthos community ecology in the quarterly research, the results are as follows:1Identified62species of zoobenthos, for52kinds of quantitative investigation, qualitative investigation of10species,54kinds of tidal flats wetlands, wetlands19species,8classes,30families belong to six. In the first week in47surveys to macrobenthos,41kinds of tidal flats wetlands, wetlands14; in the form of a total of58to macrobenthos, beaches wetland50kinds, constructed wetland has10types. In the tidal flats wetlands, mainly composed of mollusks and arthropods; Artificial wetland, it mainly gastropoda, lamellibranchia, small crustacean and insects and so on, but the species are few. Enclose tideland, cofferdam inside and outside the wetland ecological environment has different evolution characteristics. DiNa constructed wetland with external waters all or part of the isolation, China water salinity gradually decreased, soil there will be no wave or tidal sediment, soil continuous desalination by groundwater level decline, the wetland into inland lakes, wetlands, coastal zone in tidal flat of the original species disappeared gradually in the constructed wetland, and the formation of new species is a long process.2During the period of investigation Xuan Menwan bay mudflat wetland reclamation macrobenthic inhabit density were an average of954.55ind./m2and287.60ind./m2, annual biomass, respectively is36.260g/m2and41.106g/m2; Artificial wetland inhabit density were an average of43.61ind./m2and36.31ind./m2, annual biomass, respectively is14.350g/m2and16.497g/m2. Respectively within the mudflat wetland and artificial wetland on two consecutive years of annual average inhabit density in different habitats and the annual average biomass without repeated two-factor variance analysis, the results showed:in addition to the annual average inhabit density, average biomass of artificial wetland in there are significant differences between different habitats, the rest is no significant difference. Seasonal change, through the mudflat wetland and artificial wetland habitat and their anniversary season perched between the density and biomass of repeated two-factor analysis of variance, the results showed that inhabit density and biomass between the anniversary and were no significant differences between seasons, shows that seasonal changes of macrobenthos inhabit density and biomass. Analysis think outside the dike beach wetland habitat differences in macrobenthos is not the influence of main factors, and altering the tidal flats of the original landscape reclamation (engineering), caused by changes in the tidal flats hydrology, become the main factors influencing the tidal flats macrobenthos, at the same time reduces the agricultural areas in artificial wetland reclamation of benthic animal biodiversity, the succession of the ecological environment gradually, and wetlands using different way to large benthic animal community structure has a significant impact.3In October2010to July2012in Xuan Menwan bay wetland reclamation macrobenthic quantitative investigation, and in the first week found41years, among them,36kinds of tidal flats wetlands, wetlands14; And found in the2-year, a total of48kinds, among them,41kinds of tidal flats wetlands,7kinds of artificial wetlands. From the point of composition, mudflat wetland in the first week there are4in the first form is not collected, and the new collected nine; Constructed wetlands are there in the first week of year9in the first form is not collected, add2kinds. Spiral gate bay mudflat wetland and artificial wetland wetland reclamation inside and outside the macrobenthic species difference is very big, big mudflat wetland and artificial wetland zoobenthic species have significant differences between the seasons, and mudflat wetland in three large benthic animal species has no significant difference between habitat, wetland using artificial wetland in four different ways between macrobenthic species exist significant differences. Shows seasonal variation within the mudflat wetland and artificial wetland on the number of species in macrobenthos have important influence, and on beaches wetland vegetation macrobenthic species, different ways of using of artificial wetland in macrobenthic species and has the important influence. On the dominant species, wetland in the tidal flats in the second anniversary of the dominant species changed little, short three habitat is mostly based on quasi bogs, beads belt to crab keep bolt, JiaoHe blue clams, mud crab as dominant species; Changes between different ways of using advantages of constructed wetland is different, the fresh water storage reservoir and aquaculture dominant species, in two years from the original three into one, the first2-year study only to shake a mosquito larvae, agriculture area and the human activity area of dominant species, and in the second anniversary of the change is not big.4Zoobenthos diversity and community structure are closely related, and the difference between communities is mainly influenced by the species number and abundance. From the perspective of the result of clustering and MDS analysis, Xuanmen reclamation macrobenthos inside and outside the wetland biodiversity index in each habitat has certain differences, but the two-factor variance shows that macrobenthos in each habitat and biodiversity indices were not significant difference between anniversary. Qingjiao rice grass invasion and introduction of mangroves to macrobenthic biodiversity without significant effect, mudflat wetland are greatly influenced by the reclamation engineering, leading to elevation of tidal flat and the dynamics of sea water has changed, may affect the effect of vegetation on the zoobenthic community, thus strengthening the research of tidal flat inning after hydrodynamic environmental and hydrological environment and benthic animals relate to each other is very necessary. In the artificial wetland, species richness and evenness index is low, dwindling Numbers of species; Low species diversity index, community structure simplification; Species change obviously, the main types of change.5Use Breyer empirical formula to calculate, mudflat wetland average secondary productivity for the second anniversary of the24.57g (AFDW)· m-2·a-1, P/B value year an average of0.73; Artificial wetland average secondary productivity for the second anniversary of the5.58g (AFDW)· m-2·a-1, P/B value year an average of0.87. macrobenthic secondary productivity in addition to the dominant species of biomass and inhabit density is different, the influence of the change of the another important reason is to change the original tidal flats (?eclamation of wetland ecosystem types, leads to the formation of a new mudflat wetland and new artificial wetland community structure changes, gradually lead to the differences between macrobenthos secondary productivity. Artificial wetland, due to the effect of reclamation and use different way, macrobenthic community structure gradually in succession, is bound to cause a decline in the species, density and biomass, make whole secondary productivity of artificial wetland. |
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