Study On Landscape Heterogeneity Of Mountainous And Hilly Region In The Middle-lower Yellow River

Landscape heterogeneity is variability and complexity of landscape elements and theirattributes in the space.it reflects on the changes in the structure of the landscape space anddynamic change of time. Landscape heterogeneity is the basis of the formation of the differentlandscape structure and function, it can directly impact on the distribution and dissemination ofresources, species, and disturb in the landscape, biodiversity and productivity of degradedlandscape, it has an important role in the control of the landscape overall function and ecologicalprocesses; it can also reflect the importance of heterogeneity that humans and animals requirestwo kinds or more kinds of landscape element.At present, the research of landscape heterogeneity are more concentrated in the city, thewaters and wetlands, The reach of mountains and hills, the total land area of43%,is not enough.Gongyi City, typical mountainous and hilly area of the middle and lower Yellow River, is thestudy area. The basic theory of landscape ecology is used, combined with remote sensing andgeographic information technologies, based on the three remote sensing images in1988,2001,2010.A variety of analytical methods are integrated to study spatial heterogeneity and the temporalheterogeneity. The main results are as follows:(1) Through the description and analysis Landscape heterogeneity and its dynamics inGongyi City from1988to2010, the landscape indicators on the landscape level changes can beclassified into three categories: the first category is growing, such as the number of patches,landscape shape index and diversity index; the second category is declining, such as plaque index,aggregation index; the third category is for the first increase and then decrease, for example, density boundary and density index; On class level,forest land, irrigated land, dry land, watersland and construction land increase the number of patches; the number of unused land isdwindling, construction land of NP, CA, LPI, PLAND index gradually increased.(2) Changing in landscape centroid of each landscape type, space centroid experienced thechanges differently from1988to2010year: the centroid of water landscape experienced throughthe process of change in the southeast-northwest; the centroid of irrigated land experienced thechange of southwest-southeast; the centroid of woodland land experienced of the change processof the southeast-northwest; the centroid of the construction land underwent a process of changeto the northwest continuously; the centroid of dry land experienced southeast-northwestchanges; the centroid of the unused land experienced the change process of the southwest-northwest.(3) Form1988to2001, The change of construction land and unused land were larger in theconversion rate of landscape area, construction land converted mainly from dry land, otherlandscape was transformed by the dry land, at the same time, other landscape transformed into dryland landscape, proportion basically did not change; Form2001to2010, dry land area decreasedand other landscape area increase, the change rate of woodland was largest.(4) It can achieve space and visualization of landscape metrics based gradient analysis of GISand moving window method; Semi-variance analysis method in the geostatistics andsemivariogram principle are used to analyze windows’ radius, which were500m,750m,1000m,1500m and2000m,the result showed that the radius of1000m was the best analytical scales.(5) The moving window formed grid maps of landscape indices, the study area has fourcenters: the urban-up area, southeastern hilly areas, the southern low mountain region and the northern plains of rivers region, the characteristics of this distribution closely related regionalspatial pattern. The central area around5km was the strongest areas of the changes in thelandscape pattern index, the region had diverse landscape type, the boundary of each patch typeconnected weakly and higher degree of fragmentation, relatively significant degree ofheterogeneity.(6) The human disturbances on the landscape of Gongyi depends on the distance from thecity center, we can clearly identify the center of urbanization along the different transects,urbanized area is highly fragmented and space complexity can quantitatively which can look as afunction of distance. On the landscape level, The results showed landscape shape index andlandscape diversity index maximum is mainly distributed in the range of4-6km from the citycenter, And this result also indicated that the expanding of Gongyi was limited by its specialtopography conditions, the urbanization progresses were showed mainly from the eastern andnorthern parts of the urban areas. and these developments has resulted in serious loss of the greenand agricultural lands by city construction.(7) The analysis of landscape pattern can be used to compare different developmentalpattern or the same area in different periods of dynamic. the degree of fragmentation in thesoutheastern suburbs was much weaker than the southwestern suburbs in the study area. This wasbecause of less affected by human disturbances in southwestern suburbs of Gongyi city, and due toits topography.Through the study on the landscape heterogeneity of Gongyi City and its dynamic process,The study results were supposed to be meaningful for the sustainable use, sustainable development,utilization, planning of land resources for macroeconomic policy-making and planning of the relevant departments management, to provide a reference basis for the rational distribution andefficient management of the local landscape, ecological and social benefits significantly.