Distribution Of Antibiotic Resistant Bactrria In Feces Soil And Fertilized Vegetables

This paper investigated the feeding of antibiotics of8pig farms and11chicken farms in Xin Xiang,finding that the antibiotics such as Keflex, amoxicillin, Kanamycin and gentamicin were the locally widelyused Veterinary antibiotics. We tested the resistance bacterium of the excrement of3chicken farms and3pig farms in different farming period, through multipoint sampling and microbiological culture techniques.The results showed that the rate of resistant Keflex bacterium in the excrement of the chicken farm pilledup for one week reaches65.9%, which was the highest in all the the excrement and the percentage of theresistance of the investigated3and4kinds of antibiotics were8.60%—12.51%and9.73%respectively,which was obviously higher than the testing results of the controlled chicken farms in which the chickenwere fed with traditional Chinese medicine(0.02%—2.73%and0.12%). It has been tested from theexcrement which pilled up for one week in the pig farm that the rate of resistant Keflex bacterium was alsothe highest, which was more than49.12%.However, the rate of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in theexcrement of the pig farm was obviously lower than that of the chicken farm. Meanwhile, the researchfinds that in the two kinds of farms, the rate of multiple resistant bacteria tested from the excrement duringthe juvenile period was obviously higher than in the excrement during the mature period. This may beconcerned with the high doses using of multiple antibiotics in the juvenile period of the pig and chickenbecause of disease prevention and growth promotion. The results of454pyrophosphate high-throughputsequencing showed that the results of the two sorts in the various samples of the excrement of the pigfarm and chicken farm were generally identical. In four resistant bacteria, the percentage of Bacteroidetesdoor was the highest. In the environmental samples of the pig and chicken excrement, the steel structure ofBacteroidetes door was basically similar. But the results with the Bacteroidetes four resistances was largedifference in the samples, the ratio of the four resistant strains Flavobacteria classes in Pig feces had thehighest percentage of76.38, and in the Flavobacteria of chicken feces was only1.97%, but the percentageof the Sphingobacteria classes were as high as94.22%. In the proportion of Gammaproteobacteria was thehighest in the four resistant bacteria Proteobacteria outline of the two environmental samples.The further laboratory simulation experiments studied the effect relation between antibiotic doses inthe soil and the antibiotic resistant bacteria doses and the results showed that the ratio between Kanr and bacterial which resists to amoxicillin was the highest at the time of15days and after that the ratio exsited adeclining trend. The trend was that with the passage of time the ration of the bacteria which resist tokeflex was becoming smaller and smaller and there was a positive corelation between antibiotic doses andthe ratio of resistant bacteria. The ratio of Gentamicin’bacteria was always low and did not exhibit a strictrule. The sequencing results of the454pyrophosphate high-throughput sequencing showed that the ratio ofFirmicutes is the highest in the soil sample and then is Bacteroidetes and the tolerant bacteria mainlycenters on Sphingobacteria and clostridia.The following experiment studied on antibiotic resistance vegetables endophytes which was applied tolivestock manure as an organic fertilizer, and the results showed that it was not test multiple antibioticresistance of endophytic bacteria in all studies of vegetables, it generally existed resistance of singleendogenous bacteria in the vegetables, and detected the highest ratio of keflex resistance of the endophyticbacteria in different parts of the celery, Chinese cabbage and cucumber, the ratio of16.9%to86.35%,21.76%to91.32%and0.21%to91.32%, respectively. the results consistent with the resistance rate resultsin fecal samples, the ratio of Kanamycin resistance of endophytes less than the feces samples; In applyingmanure fertilizer each year and interval of one year each year on feces organic celery root and stem, Thelatter is1.7-1715times of the former in endogenous bacteria resistance, the result showed that continuousfeeding of antibiotics to the chicken will increase the celery endophytic bacteria resistance rate in the fecesof the chicken farm; the resistance of the cucumber endogenous bacteria number two orders of magnitudesmaller than the other two kinds of vegetables, This may related to vegetable greenhouses fertilizationmodel and different metabolic mechanism of different plant species and some other unknown reasons, Theproportion of the bacteria in the root volume and the resistance of endogenous bacteria are higher in thestudy of plants.In the subsequent experiments, we select16strains has four antibiotic resistant bacteria from chickenfeces, and test16strains of bacteria for this class I integron, the strains in the basic research allamplification multiple bands, at present the results are in-depth study.