Obseration On Sexual Generation And Reproductive Mode Of Two Kinds Of Pteris

Pteridaceae is a big family of leptosporangiopsida, special reproductive mode, Onthe sex occurs and the ascription of system is disputed. At present, Scholars havein-depth research on that reproductive, genetic, cell, physiological and biochemical,molecular, and classification. in terms of existing data, Still can not to reproductive modeand ascription problem of system of pteridaceae have an accurate conclusion. Therefore,This article selects Pteris fauriei Hieron. and Pteris biaurita Linn. as researchmaterials, using the improved Knop ’s solid plate culture medium, soil culturemethod and hydroponics for gametophyte culture and seeding on the spores of twokinds of Pteris. Regularly selected materials of typical and stable characteristics tomake temporary water mounting, and used Nikon microscope to observe, record andtake pictures for living material gametophyte and sperm morphology based on thegametophyte characteristic of each developmental stage. Serially observe thedevelopment of sexual organs and embryo of of two kinds of Pteris with paraffinmethod. Noland sperm staining method to observe and take pictures for gametes oftwo kinds of Pteris. The results are as follow:Pteris fauriei Hieron. and Pteris biaurita Linn. spores are tan, three cracks,surface is verrucous grain, triangle from Polar surface and oval from equatorial planeview and have a significant equator ring. The type of spore germination isVittaria-type with the spore wall persistent, the type of prothallus with edge exposeddevelopment is Ceratopteris-type, and without trichomes. Pteris fauriei Hieron. havea suspected organ "shaft structure" in gametophytic phase. About1.5-10mm long,0.2-1mm wide, pointed at the top, middle transparent, lower for the tube. Pterisbiaurita Linn. have the same structure in young sporophyte phase,10-15mm long.There is a nodal between spinous top and base. The development on antheridium andarchegonium of two kinds of Pteris is basically same. The antheridium consist tworing and a cover cells. some of the archegonium contain cells do not dissolve or abortbecause of incomplete development of Archegonium. Sperm consists of theacrosome, the gross take, flagella, the sperm nucleus and cytoplasmic components.Acrosome is type "S", spiral2-4circle. The early embryonic development of Pteris fauriei Hieron. and Pteris biauritaLinn. is the same. The first three times division way of zygote of two pteris is XYZtype, the first root and the leaf development methods are basically the same. Afterthe16cell embryo forms, the outside and inside area regions of the embryorespectively produced the first leaf original cell and the first root original cell. Thefirst leaf and root original cell rapidly grow into the first leaf primordium and firstroot primordium, and the first leaf primordium is faster. The first leaf primordiumbreak through the calyptra and form the first younger leaves, then continue todevelop and gradually bend in the direction of gametophyte growing point, thesecond leaf primordium emerges below the first younger leaves. The first rootprimordium develop into the first root.Anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of two kinds of Pteris iscompared, the morphology of root, leaf and petiole is basically same. The type ofvascular cylinder is protostele, development way of xylem is exarch. Tracheid ismainly composed of thread tracheid. Leaf epidermis cells is irregular, upper with nostomatal apparatus, or occasionally very small amounts of stomatal apparatus andmainly distribute in the lower. Stomata are no accessory cells, consists of two guardcells.In this paper, by observing and comparing the characteristics of thedevelopment such as gametophyte development, embryonic development, the youngsporophyte development etc in life cycle of two kinds of Pteris multifida Poir, wesummarize the division way of early embryonic development in detail and discussthe origin order of root and leaf, and further analyze vegetative organs developmentmechanism from the angle of anatomy. Not only provide a stable, objective andsuccessive embryological data for Pteridaceae,but also provide comprehensiveevidence for systematic discussion about Pteridaceae.This article shows45plates, including367microscopic photos in total and150references.