Research On The Export Of Jingdezhen Ceramics Under Technical Barriers To Trade

In the progress of globalization and trade liberalization, the function of traditional tariff barriers is declining gradually. However, the technical trade barriers in name of human health protection, life quality improvement and environmental protection have become the main forms of the trade protection. The technical trade barriers consist of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures. On the one hand, these regulations, standards and procedures play an important role in improving product quality, protecting environment and achieving sustainable developing; on the other hand, some countries can not suit for these regulations, standards and procedures, which caused distorted effects on international trade transference, structure and direction. Therefore, those elements have become new trade barriers. In western developed countries, especially in United State, Japan and European Union, they use their technical advantages to adopt more concealed and less transparent on technical trade barriers to limit international trading, then to protect their domestic economy. These measurements have prevented other countries from exporting; especially have limited international trading of developing countries.Nowadays, the measurements of international technical trade barriers have limited Chinese traditional advantage products export, including agricultural products, textile products, food, and electronic machines strictly. These international technical trade barriers have been causing more and more serious influences on Chinese export. From the current technical trade barriers, we can see the developed countries mainly through set up strict technical standards, technical regulations and qualification systems. Based on these rules to increase product costs and reduce product competitiveness to limit developing countries export. Meanwhile, there are a lot of technical regulations and technical standards with different requirements, which are hard for the exporting countries to adopt these rules. According to the Chinese official investigation, under current non-tariff barrier, China has only1% export are influenced by anti-dumping measurements; however, there are25%export are influenced by TBT. Therefore, China has around45billion USD export are influenced by TBT each year.China is known as "The Kingdom of Ceramics", ceramics is the symbol of Chinese culture and is one of the oldest and most traditional industries, and what’s more, it is one of the Chinese greatest inventions. Ceramics technology has been leading the world for a long time. Jingdezhen has known as the city of ceramics, has represented the Chinese ceramics culture. The ceramics products from Jingdezhen have great international reputations. In recent years, the export of ceramics have developed rapidly, export from＄37,420,000in2005, had risen to＄513,840,000in2010. Meanwhile, Jingdezhen ceramics has a strong competitiveness, not only in the domestic market, but also in the international market. However, in recent years, the export of Jingdezhen has effected by the technical trade barriers. Therefore, to study how these trade barriers have influenced ceramics export have become an important role, to come up with strategies increase Jingdezhen ceramics export. It is not only meaningful for Jingdezhen, it is also a meaningful thing for the whole of Chinese ceramics export.This thesis is based on the relevant theories of technical trade barriers, analyzes into the factors that restrain Jingdezhen ceramics export. The introduction of this thesis has four parts, including research background, the importance of research, literature review and the structure of thesis.In the Chapter two, it reviews the relevant international and domestic research reports, get to understand the development and the reasons of the technical trade barriers. According to economic development, are based on protecting human health, improving life quality and safety, protecting environment in different countries have issued a series of law and regulations, in which those rules have provided a foundation for the technical trade barriers developing. This chapter introduces the technical trade barriers’feature and how those features have influenced on Chinese ceramics export.Chapter three introduces Chinese ceramics history, Jingdezhen’s classical porcelains and the influences of Jingdezhen ceramics culture on Chinese ceramics culture. By applying SWOT analysis methods, this chapter introduces the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in detail. The strengths of Jingdezhen ceramics enterprise are history and culture advantage, industrial system advantage and education and research advantage. The weaknesses are short of famous brands, relatively small scale of enterprise, lacks of creativity and innovation, underdeveloped of the regional brand marketing pattern, brain drains and lack of preventive consciousness. The opportunities are the rapid developments of Ceramics Fair and ceramics culture tourism. The threats are the growth of other domestic regional ceramics enterprises; this chapter compares with other domestic ceramics enterprises, such as other that of Guangdong Foshan and Shandong Zibo to analyze Jingdezhen ceramics enterprise’s future development.Chapter four analyzes Jingdezhen ceramics industry current developing situation and its major trading partners under the circumstance of Technical Barriers to Trade. Firstly, this chapter introduces the Jingdezhen ceramics industries current developing situation under Technical Barriers to Trade. Through the analysis of Jingdezhen ceramics’total export and its growth rate from the year2003to2010, the chapter summarizes Jingdezhen ceramics enterprises development in recent years and the influences of Technical Barriers to Trade. Secondly, it introduces the Jingdezhen ceramics’main exporting countries and regions. In the ceramics trading, European Union, Japan and The United States are the main trading partners. It’s no doubt about that Technical Barriers to Trade has its positive aspects, for instance, improving products quality, safety and the sense of protecting environment. However, it takes more negative influences. In many developed countries, based on their abundant capital and advanced technology, they have been issuing a series of technical regulations and standard. For example, European Union adjusted the Lead and Cadmium component inspected from instrument analysis to be0.2mg/L and0.02mg/L respectively in2005, in which that EU has improved the standard in20times and15times than previously, equally25times improvement of Chinese current standard. So we can see these technical regulations and standard restrain developing countries’export seriously. Finally, this chapter analyzes the problems of Jingdezhen ceramics export, it summarizes the characteristics of Technical Barriers to Trade which Jingdezhen ceramics enterprises are facing.Chapter five puts forward some suggestions for enterprises and government to solve technical trade barriers based on the above research. Firstly, the government shall play a leading role in establishing the early warning mechanism for Technical Barriers to Trade; meanwhile, it shall strengthen monitoring on ceramics enterprises to promote the internationalization of domestic technical regulations and standard for help ceramics enterprises to eliminate the negative influence of Technical Barriers to Trade. The Jingdezhen ceramics enterprises shall play the dominant role in developing technology, adopting advanced technology to improve ceramics’ product quality, training advanced talents, improving enterprise’s unhealthy development pattern, optimizing ceramics enterprise’s production structure, improving product packing, establishing reliable brands, improving enterprise’s marketing competence, extending sales channels, developing international and domestic market, improving product competitiveness and changing production conception for actively developing green products. Under the circumstance of economy globalization progress, people’s life standard improvement and consumer’s requirement development, the Jingdezhen ceramics enterprises shall look forward to the potential issues in their future development. In the final chapter, it makes a summary of the thesis, and gets conclusions that Technical Barriers to Trade could be seen as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it could protect public health and life, exert positive impacts on the national economy and social-economic development. On the other hand, it brings negative impacts. For example, the Technical Barriers to Trade might have been used by developed countries. These trade barriers can increase difficulties of importation, resulting in trade disputes. The main reasons why foreign countries adopted Technical Barriers to Trade against the export of Jingdezhen ceramics are the excessive dissolution of lead, cadmium and the poor package of products. According to the different countries requirements, Jingdezhen ceramics enterprises should adopt different countermeasures.