Research On Mechanisms During Tourism Transformation Development And It’s Transitional Process Of Urban Scenic Spot

With higher income and more leisure time of residents in China, demands of tourists are change from sightseeing tour to recreational tour, at the same time, it makes products of tour change in the same way. On national conference of tourism in2008, the national tourism administration official made a strategic deployment that it should be promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese tourism, the development of tourism industry has entered into a transformation period. However, the tourism transformation is still stay in macro strategic guidance level in academic circles, lack of empirical research in specific transformation of tourism development and theory study in transformation of tourism intrinsic mechanism.As a category of the scenic area, urban scenic spots is a traditional sightseeing tourism, but because of the special relationship with city, which directly be affected by the urban environment extrusion in the acceleration of urbanization development. Faced with increasingly vigorous city residents of recreational demand, which stood in forefront of development of transformation, the transformation of urban scenic spots development can be regarded as a transformation of the demonstration and miniature tourist destination.This paper focuses on the topic of transition in tourism, selects urban scenic spots as studying object, and points that the transition is a behavior which adapts to the transformation of tourism demand system and urban environment system since late90s. At the beginning, this paper hackles the concept and meaning of the term "urban scenic spots", and gives out a clean definition. An urban scenic spot is a scenic spot on or surrounded by the city spatially, which means it has convenient transport connection and access to facilities of urban infrastructure and services; meanwhile, it can also serve as public green space. Secondly, this article discusses types, features and historical changes of urban scenic spots, and then analyzes transformation process from three aspects:space structure, product structure and management respectively. After that, this article establishes a systematic model which considers urban scenic spots system, tourism demand system and environment system to have a deeper discussion of transformation mechanism. By analyzing system response and driven-power, this paper concludes that the fundamental cause of transformation is the conflicts among environment pressure and leisure demands, is the conflict between the consumption and protection of natural resource. This process is co-driven by support force, induced force, boot force, pull power and inter force.Finally, this paper selects ZhongShan Scenic Spots as empirical studying object, hopefully support previous theoretical finding, and provide case for other tourism spots on how to make reconstruction and development suggestions.