Rural Poverty Research Of China

China is the world’s most populous country,with a majority of farming population. Since the founding of the PRC,especially since the reform and opening up,Chinense anti-poverty policy has made significant achievements in rural areas.But at present the problem of poverty in rural areas has been an outstanding issue in social development in China.There are two main reasons for rural poverty:the large number of surplus labor force and the lack of the economic cooperation organization.To resolve the serious problem of rural poverty and improve the living conditions of the poor, the government has implemented a series of policies to ensure the basic needs of the poor.The implementation of these pro-poor policies,basing on the rural minimum living security system,the subsistence needs of the poverty-stricken population have been basically me,the situation of rural residents in medical health and children’s education has certainly improved.The rural poverty in our country,in a sense,not only affect the development of natural resourses in poor areas and economic development but also have a direct impact on the coordinated development of China’s regional economic and political order and stability.Therefore,the alleviation of poverty is an urgent requirement for sustainable development in China,but also the middle of this century to build a harmonious society, towards a comprehensive well-off society important task.From the perspective of social capital,studying the problem of poverty in rural China is a new attempt for a more comprehensive observation of China’s current rural issues which is innovative.However, the social security system in rural areas is not yet complete, the coverage of the policy is narrow, added the lack of coordination in economic and social policy, some rural social policies weaken the goal of social welfare due to various reasons.The characteristics of Chinese rural poor are lack of physical capital and shortage of human capital. Social capital is essentially a supportive social network, it embodies mutual cooperation, common trust, participation, networks and other social relations,which can not only reduce the transaction costs of people but also prevent and resolve individual risk.For the poor, the social capital can be transformed into the help they need which can reduce the cost of their acqire to the resources as well as enhance their resistance encountered in everyday life risks.In other words, social capital for the poor is a kind of social security on a certain function.Chinese economic transformation, institutional transformation,possibly, make the role of the market and the government’s allocation of resources a double failure. Social capital can not be ignored on the role as the third mode of resource allocation.For surplus labor force in the rural areas, in the process of their search for employment, whether to access the employment information or get employment opportunities,they are more inclined to use social capital rather than physical capital and human capital.Social capital played a important role in the process of the rural surplus labor’s transfering.At present, social capital in rural areas provide employment information and employment opportunities for rural surplus labor force, reducing the cost of the transfer of rural surplus labor and providing the necessary social support for he daily lives of the surplus labor force.