A Lightweight Distributed WSN Multicast Model

Wireless Sensor Network is established by a lot of low-cost and low-power sensor nodesdeployed in the monitoring area, these nodes form network and transfer data through wirelessself-organizing way. These sensor nodes are energy-limited, but the unicast protocol will cause therepeated transmission of data, it will reduce the lifetime of the network, so need to design amulticast protocol to prolong the overall lifetime of the network.Firstly this paper discusses the Ad-hoc and Wireless Sensor Network multicast routing protocolsthat already existed, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. According to this, put forward alightweight distributed Wireless Sensor Network multicast routing model.In this model, divide the Wireless Sensor Network monitoring area into grid, in each grid, selectthe node which has the lightest weight as head node, the head node broadcast invite message to allthe other nodes in the grid, each grid form a cluster as multicast group. After generating the cluster,the head nodes of each grid set the Sink node as root to form a minimum spanning tree, using Primalgorithm. The final structure of the network is a cluster tree. At last, through simulation show themodel has high network coverage rate, low energy consumption and can extend the networklifetime.