An Energy-efficient Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is based on the rise of modern communications technology and the rapid advances in integrated circuit technology. WSN is made from a large number of cheap sensor nodes, which used the routing algorithm to form through a specific network for data acquisition and data transmission. It can be widely applied in defense and military, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, disaster relief and rescue and medical health.The wireless sensor networks are usually deployed in the difficult to reach or inaccessible areas. Sensor nodes only rely on their own portable battery-powered, since the size of node itself, and cost limitations, the battery power is very limited, and in these places, the battery cannot be replaced. So the energy-constrained is one of the most significant features of WSN, and also the key issues constraining the development of WSN, only if we design a protocol which can do better on energy-constrained.In this paper, I focus on saving energy, prolonging network lifetime, and improving the network throughput. Firstly, introduce the concept of wireless sensor networks, basic characteristics, key technology, mainly usage, to study the current research at home and abroad. Secondly, analysis the usage of WSN and compare the classic energy-efficient routing protocols. And discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. This study mainly focused on the following two aspects:First, on the flat energy-efficient routing algorithm, the shortest path tree based on the traditional energy-saving routing algorithm, the weights in its routing and data transmission stage to do some improvements, the improved algorithm can significantly prolong the survival of WSN network time, increase the network throughput. Traditional shortest path tree algorithm, based on the shortest path tree in graph theory and the principle of minimum spanning tree using Prim algorithm and Dijkstra algorithm for routing tree construction, but the algorithm ignores the practical application of some of the important factors that affect the route, according to the algorithm insufficient, considering the impact of energy-saving wireless sensor network routing some of the important factors, this design the improved energy-efficient shortest path tree algorithm, the new algorithm can achieve better energy-efficient routing of WSN.Second, on the hierarchical energy-efficient routing algorithm, the analysis of the classical hierarchical routing protocol-LEACH protocol, the protocol based on the introduction of non-uniform cluster clustering strategy and the first transfer policy, the two strategies were generated in the cluster phase and data transmission on the achievement of the purpose of balancing node energy consumption, so that all nodes in the WSN network more balanced energy consumption, through simulation, improved network protocols can effectively prolong the survival time and increase network throughput.To sum up, this paper presents an improved version of the shortest path tree algorithm; clustering routing algorithm significantly reduces the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, extending the network lifetime. It made a certain contribution on energy-efficient WSN routing.