University Secondary School Setting And Classification Research In China

Academy originated from the University of Pairs in France in the1170s.Until today, academy has been in existence for more than800years in universities. Although academy today is very different from its original form, definitely, there must be unique features from the aspect of survived tremendous changes during such a long history. Philip G.Altbach mentioned that "there is only one common pattern in all the universities-academy" in development pattern of higher education, therefore, academy is the only heritage of the universities preserved in the world.The creation of academy experienced a tortuous process in China. In1952, the university adjustment leaded to the disappearance of academy in a sudden. Universities began to reset academy in the eighties or nineties of the20th century, within20years’development, most Universities have established academy, and its importance became more and more obvious in Universities. But the establishment of academy is not putting things right once and for all, and it is not necessarily means that University has academy system, but it also need a series of supportive systems. There are many problems in the establishment of the University Academy in our country. In some universities the academy setting is at random, the names of academy are informal and inconsistent. Institute differentiates meticulous, leading to the discipline’s small capacity, and this is not conducive to cultivating comprehensive and innovative talents. The University Academy is excessive and so the management ranges become too wide, which reduces managerial efficiency; the academy is lack of autonomy in personnel management, financial management and other aspects and so on.Based on the above situation, this article selects all the undergraduate university which is called university as the research sample, and collects the number and name of academy from all the university website to analyze comprehensively. First of all, analysis on the number of academy-conduct the quantitative analysis from the overall perspective; Classify the academy in terms of subject categories, and analyze the number and settings of various disciplines academy as well as the number of interdisciplinary school settings; Analyze the correlation of university teachers and students’number and the number of academy. Through the analysis to discover that academy number has following characteristics:The University academy’s number has high concentration but the gap is obvious among all the universities; The number of academy is uneven but there is certain concentration; The number of academy which is included in every subject category is uneven; The basis of academy settings is not unified among subject categories. Secondly, taking degree awarding entitlement as a standard to classify universities into4degrees, which are211universities and non211universities with doctor degree awarding entitlement, universities with master degree awarding entitlement universities, and universities only with bachelor degree awarding entitlement, thereby dissect and compare the four kinds of universities, analyze universities with academy and department, and universities with double campuses. Thirdly, analyze the elements which affect the structure of universities in china, so as to summarize the problems of it, such as an excess of academies, frequent change and informal style of academy names, arbitrary setting of the academies, market oriented, pursuing quantity of academies while ignore fundamental subject, or neglect the fundamental position of the humanities, and deficiency of the span and quantity of interdisciplinary and intercollegiate subjects.At last, the proposal of establishing academy should base on relative discipline, since the purpose of establishing a academy is to promote the development of discipline to the utmost. On that basis, the rule of the proposal is to adhere to the internal logic of the development of discipline, as well as adapting to the progress of society, so as to balance its internal logic and external logic. The final purpose is to predict the direction of its development by following the logic of knowledge development, and create new academic organization, thus promote the development of discipline and transdisciplinary research.