Cardiac Function In The Five Indicators Reference Value And The Relationship Between Geographical Environment

Objective:Cardiac function indices are important reference for clinical diagnosis and prevention of disease, only a unified and accurate reference standard can better help to diagnosis and therapy, thus it is particularly necessary to formulate the normal reference value. Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions (LVEF) and stroke volume (SV) have important implication on clinical application of cardiac function. If the value of LVEF and SV reduced significantly, indicating the presence of severe heart disease, possible existence the myocardial contraction, myocardial infarction, cardiac shunt and other heart diseases. The increase of Left Atrial Diameter (LAD) is the common performance of the ultrasound echocardiography in patients with hypertension. Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter (LVEDD) is an important indicator of cardiac function tests. Cardiac function test is a diagnostic method of heart disease. Observing the changes of cardiac function is helpful to guide prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume (LVEDV) is one of the indicators reflecting cardiac function. The left ventricular end-diastolic capacity of blood is determined by the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and enlargement of the heart under certain pressure. It can reflect the cardiac function and enhance ventricular contractility in a certain range.That studying these cardiac function indices quantitatively, is an important basis for clinical diagnosis and prevent disease. That can not only provide scientific basis for clinical testing also give methodology guidance for other medical research. Methods: The innovation of this paper is that, using linear and non-linear methods do research on the relationship between geographical environments and Chinese LVEF, SV, LAD, LVEDD and LVEDV in different age for different gender. Applying kriging method, with the ArcMap module of ArcGIS software gets the normal reference of five indices of cardiac function in healthy people in different age in different region of China. Although many literatures have also reported normal reference value of cardiac function of the elderly, adults, teenager and children in Lhasa, Xining, Jiangsu, hainan, etc, but they are only qualitative description on healthy cardiac function. They have only measured little healthy people in some limited areas in stead of quantitative description on the relationship between cardiac function and geographic factors. By far, no paper does such systemic study on the relationship between them based on China entire geographical environment. Results:(1)Buying the material through the relevant units or retrieving by manual and network, the normal value of cardiac function in different region in China are collected, they are as follows:LVEF of4686elderly men, LVEF of2399young men, SV of3179healthy young men(women), LAD of4943presenile women, LAD of6100younger men, LAD of8226presenile and elderly men, LVEDD of4576elderly men, LVEDD of2774elderly women and LVEDV of2311adult men in the national regions.(2)According to sharing data from the national surveying and mapping center and related geographical literatures and works, seven geographic indices in4383regions are obtained:altitude(X1, m), annual sunshine duration(X2,h), annual mean air temperature(X3,℃), annual mean relative humidity(X4,%), annual precipitation amount(X5, mm), annual range of air temprature(X6,℃) and annual mean wind speed(X7, m·s-1).(3)By the linear and nonlinear analysis for five indices of cardiac function with seven geographical environments, build multivariate linear regression model, curve estimation model, non-linear regression model and principal component analysis model between them, and then compare different models of each index, choose the optimal prediction model, respectively is as follows:①Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LVEF of elderly men:YLVEFF=70.794201-0.000795004X1-0.000130113X2+0.0480295X3-0.0327249X4-0.000118528X5+0.00442505X6-1.55847X7②Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LVEF of young men: YLVEF=65.98482+0.0000141485X1-0.0000136284X2+0.00439883X3-0.00616932X4-0.0000571453X5+0.000778023X6-0.260749X7③Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of SV of young men: Y SV=79.74825+0.00491108X1+0.0015711X2-0.375243X3-0.071067X4-0.00197009X5-0.0282495X6+4.66269X7④Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of SV of young women: YSV=69.7306-0.00158919X1+0.00224187X2-0.276398X3-0.0384824X4-0.00223484X5+0.212044X6+3.68122X7⑤Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LAD of presenile women: YLAD=27.79-0.0006016X1+0.0004082X2-0.02248X3-0.0008556X4-0.00001925X5+0.02503X6+0.6610X7⑥Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LAD of presenile and elderly men: YLAD=26.7596-0.000680563X1+0.000186324X2+0.00303844X3+0.0164234X4+.00017904X5+0.00922832X6+0.773514X7⑦Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LVEDD of elderly men: YLVEDD=45.54612-0.00130954X1+0.000179892X2-0.00207048X3-0.00515244X4-0.0000717613X5+0.0384946X6+0.0646664X7⑧Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LVEDD of elderly women: YLVEDD=44.97755-0.00114732X1+0.0002469X2-0.0113229X3-0.00720794X4-0.000123956X5+0.0395348X6+0.208867X7⑨Principal component analysis model of normal reference value of LVEDV of adult men: YLVEDV=106.42675+0.0012867X1+0.00232586X2-0.246167X3-0.181515X4-0.00303201X5+0.132733X6-0.787246X7(4) According to prediction model and geostatistical analysis method, using the ArcMap module of ArcGIS software, loads normal reference value of lung function and attribute value of geographical environments of4383regions into the well-vectored map, and then applying the Kriging interpolation method to get spatial distribution map of normal reference value of cardiac function of five indices respectively.Conclusion:The above model can estimate the Chinese regions different age and different gender’s normal reference cardiac function, it can provide scientific reference standard for clinical medicine and social psychology conveniently, and also can clearly find distribution trend about four indices of cardiac function from the map.