Imidazoles Ionic Liquid Surfactant Microemulsion Phase Behavior And The Applications Of The Formation

This thesis contains four parts. Chapter I. Introductionï¼›Chapter II. The effects ofNaCl（HCl/NaOH） on the interfacial composition, thermodynamic properties andstructural parameters of the W/O microemulsions formed by CnmimBr. Chapter III.Phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of nonaqueous microemulsion systemscontaining C12mimBr/ [bmim][BF₄]/ pentanol/ n-octane. Chapter IV. Effects ofinorganic salts and synthesized nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties andstructural parameters of W/O microemulsions.Chapter I. IntroductionThe basic knowledge about ionic liquids and the W/O dilution method used toinvestigate the phase behavior of microemulsions were introduced. The researchprogresses of the association structure systems formed by ionic liquids and non-ionicsurfactant Brij35 were revewed. The application of microemulsion systems asreaction media in the synthesis of nanoparticles is also disscussed.Chapter II. The effects of NaCl（HCl/NaOH） on the interfacialcomposition, thermodynamic properties and structural parameters ofthe W/O microemulsions formed by CnmimBr.The interfacial composition, thermodynamic properties and structure parameters ofthe W/O microemulsions CnmimBr/ 1-pentanol/ n-octane/ brine with the W/O dilutionmethod. The effects of NaCl （HCl/NaOH） on the above items were discussed.1. The W/O microemulsions containing surfactant-like ionic liquid 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide （C12mimBr） [or 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide （C14mimBr）, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide （C16mimBr）] areeasier to form （largerΔGooâ†'ivalues） in different aqueous phases （NaCl, HCl orNaOH）.2. The different aqueous phases （NaCl, HCl or NaOH） have the same influencingtrends on the ionic liquids based W/O microemulsions. That is, both the molesolubility of the alcohol in the oil phaseX oa, and the mole fraction of alcohol at theinterfacial layerX iadecreases, while K andΔGo droplets （Reand Rw） increase with increasing aqueous media concentrations.3. The physicochemical parameters of the microemulsion systems with differentaqueous phases are in the order HCl>> NaCl> NaOH （X oaandX ia）, NaOH > NaCl>> HCl （ΔGooâ†'iandRw ）. The W/O microemulsions have the larger radii of thewater pool with NaOH aqueous phase compared with the systems formed with NaClor HCl aqueous phase.Chapter III. Phase behavior and thermodynamic properties ofnonaqueous microemulsion systems containing C12mimBr/[bmim][BF₄]/ 1-pentanol/ n-octaneThe phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of nonaqueous microemulsionsystems containing C12mimBr/ [bmim][BF₄]/ 1-pentanol/n-octane was studied andcompared with that of aqueous systems containing C12mimBr/ water/ 1-pentanol/n-octane.1. When different hydrophilic phases are used, the magnitude of the areas of thesingle-phase domain is as follows: pure water< 5% [bmim][BF₄] aqueoussolution<5% NaCl aqueous solution< pure [bmim][BF₄] .2. BothX oaandX iain [bmim][BF₄] microemulsion systems are always largerthanX oaandX iain H2O systems, respectively. The formation of IL/O microemulsionwas less stable and the droplets of IL/O microemulsions were smaller than theconventional W/O microemulsions.3. As the carbon chain lengths of the alcohol increases, the formation of IL/Omicroemulsion was increasingly stable. While the pattern of change of all theparameters resulting from different carbon chain lengths of alkanes is in the contraryto the pattern of change resulting from different carbon chain lengths of alcohols.4. Salinity has no effect on the interfacial composition and structural parametersfor IL/O microemulsion systems.5. At higher temperatures, the IL/O microemulsion was less stable, while theW/O microemulsion was more stable. The radii of the IL/O and W/O microemulsiondroplets decrease as well. Chapter IV. Effects of inorganic salts and synthesized nanoparticleson the physicochemical properties and structural parameters of W/Omicroemulsions.The effects of Na₂CO₃, CaCl2and the mixture of the two salts as the aqueousphase on the interfacial compositions, thermodynamic properties and structureparameters of the W/O microemulsions C16mimBr （Brij35）/ 1-pentanol/ n-octane/aqueous phase have been investigated.The changes of the compositions and the structure parameters of the W/Omicroemulsions withωovalue （the molar ratio of water to surfactant） , Na₂CO₃andCaCl2concentrations were investigated. The effect of the reaction between Na₂CO₃and CaCl2to form CaCO3was also discussed.1. At differentωovalues, the reaction between Na₂CO₃and CaCl2to form CaCO3resuls in the decreases inX oavalues, increases inX ia,ΔG ooâ†'iand the radius of thewater pool. TheRw values of the microemulsion systems containg CaCO3are largerthan that of the systems containg Na₂CO₃or CaCl2.2. As Na₂CO₃or CaCl2concentration increases,X oadecreases,X iaandΔGooâ†'iincrease, andRw also decreases, the droplets of the water pool increase with theformation of CaCO3particles for the W/O microemulsion systems of C16mimBr（Brij35）/ 1-pentanol/ n-octane/ aqueous phase.3.ωovalues, Na₂CO₃and CaCl2concentrations all have effects on the interfacialcomposition, thermodynamic properties and structure parameters of the W/Omicroemulsions. However, the effect ofωois stronger than that of Na₂CO₃andCaCl2concentrations.