Ranunculaceae Plants Flower Secretory Tissue Of Comparative Morphology Research

Secretory tissue on the flower can secrete a kind of liquid containing sugar, which can attract pollinators, thus facilitate the pollination process. In the historical evolution, the plant evolved some special flower feature for the suitable pollinator.Ranuculaceae is one of the key group of basal eudicots in APG theory, which has many characteristics of the original system, and at the same time, variations of morphological characteristics existin this group. Petals is an important reference characteristics of Ranuculaceae classification system and many petals have secretory tissue.The evolution between morphological characteristics of petal and nectary tissue has great correlation. Ranuculaceae of the petals research has long time but the secretory tissue did not attract enough attention.Ranuculaceae spend secretion of the organizations overall features is its cell have larger nucleus, and cytoplasm is strong, the secretory tissue cells more average small cell, shape into the square more rules.In this paper, the secretory tissue of petals of3subfamilies (Subfam.Coptidoudeae,Subfam.Thalictroideae,Subfam.Ranunculoideae),11families,30genuses,30species in Ranuculaceae were studied. The results showed that:Ranuculaceae, the position of secretory tissue,form and the surface structure can be classified into eight types.(1) In Coptis, Dichocarpum, Asteropyrum, secretory tissue are located on petals, and the surface cells forming papilloma, out of the surface cells are smooth;(2)In Semiaquilegia, Paraquilegia, Urophysa, Batrachium, Trollius, Souliea, Oxygraphis, petals are formed a shallow saccate, or formed pocket-type, secretory tissue is on the base of petals saccate, or pocket-type, the surface cells of secretory tissue formed circular papillate cells, besides the secretory tissue surface cells are smooth;(3) In Leptopyrum, Isopyrum, Eranthis, Nigella,petals also formed saccate or cup-type on the base, secretory tissue exist at base of cup shape, small cell, closely spaced, no obvious papillate, in addition to Eranthis of the surface of the secretory tissue cells have papillate outside, other all of the surface cells are smooth. In Eranthis and Nigella there are pseudonectaries;(4)In Delphinium, Aquilegia, Aconitum, Helleborus, Consolida, the petal fromed long ventral, secretory tissue cells are arranged closely, the surface has papillate;(5)In Ranunculus, secretory tissue is covered with a base petals scales, internal is a pit, closely spaced cells, surface formation a pit.(6)In Cimicifuge, secretory tissue existing in flower petals (staminodes) ventral grooves in the pit, small cell and closely-arranged between cells there have be excretory pore;(7)In Pulsatilla, the reduced stamens anatomical level from the organization see cells have secrete a function, the head of the reduced stamens surface has the cyclocytic stomatals;(8)In Caltha, carpel exists the skin secretion of the single-celled hair;Ranuculaceae spend the morphological characteristics and the secretory tissue of the corresponding pollinators mouthparts and species have great correlation.