The Study Of Eunuchs During The Liao And Jin Dynasty

Chinese eunuch system has a long history. It had formed since theWestern Zhou Dynasty or Chuen-Qiou Period. After the Qin and HanDynasties, eunuchs were included in the system of bureaucracy, occupying aplace in the state power structure. Thereafter, this eunuchs system and feudalautocracy depended on each other, and continued to last in the Central Chinaand disseminated in a larger range.After the Liao and Jin set up their regime, with the military conquest to thesouth constantly, the ethnic composition in its rule territory had become moreand more complicated. As more Han Chinese was brought into Liao and Jin’sruling group, the rulers had to change the traditional way of ruling. On the onehand, they adopted the old system to manage affairs of their ethnic group. Onthe other hand, they made use of Han system to rule Han Chinese in theCentral China. And they attempted to establish a improved system withappointment of Han bureaucrat in the regime itself, and take to the roads of thefeudal monarchical dictatorial rule.In947, when the Liao destroyed Later Jin Dynasty, the Liao rulers tookLater Jin Dynasty eunuch to Shangjing of Liao. These eunuchs had becomethe earliest Liao eunuch source. Then Liao Dynasty rulers continued to use theeunuch in the palace. In Muzong period, castration appearance providedmedical technical security for the emergence of Liao Dynasty eunuch. InShengzong period, Liao forcibly castrated the Han prisoners to supplement thenumber of the eunuch in the court and formed the primary selecting conditions.Due to few of historical records of eunuchs’ institutions, we failed to see thewhole picture. Liao imitates Tang and Song Dynasty eunuch institutionsestablished belongs to own eunuch institutions and eunuchs’ position. Liao Dynasty eunuchs’ duty and former generation the same, except in service ofthe family and the ceremony in etiquette, a few eunuchs to participate in palacemanagement, and even eunuchs, get the emperor’s prized and the job as, Liaoeunuchs’ duty are not limited to the palace in.In Liao Dynasty，some eunuchs also had involved in palace coup and theharem struggle, but eunuchs just collected information or provided suggestionsfor harems. Obviously, the eunuch was not the leading role of the struggle, andnot beyond the identity of the slaves. In Liao Dynasty, some eunuchs also wereappointed as official position. Shengzong was awarded WangJien eunuchperiod though management place the spirit of the military has enabled duty ofthe state, but is only to show its political status and didn’t place the right only toshow its political status and didn’t place the right management. ZhaoAnreneunuch in the political help the emperor, but no form of eunuchs powersituation.The Jurchen′s army, led by WanYanAGuda overthrew Liao regime. Theoriginal belongs to the eunuch of Liao should be the first source eunuch of JinDynasty. After the Jurchen perish Northern Song dynasty and plunder thepalace. The eunuch of Song was also his plunder. Rulers of the capital cityestablishment marks inside and outside completely cut off the establishment ofthe system of the palace, the emergence of the eunuchs ’requirements. In to acentralized monarchy, at the request of reform and change rulers officer,officials with the centralized monarchy system also streng then set up. Rulersmodeled after Liao and Song set up a perfect system of the eunuch, and officemanagement institutions, eunuchs’ duty limits and did not appear to change.The eunuchs of the Jin Dynasty were more active in politics than that ofthe Liao Dynasty. In Hailing King Period, the eunuch, Liangchong, served asthe emperor’s tool for surveilling ministers, and egged on the emperor toinvade the Song Dynasty. Some eunuchs not only participated in palace coupsand helped plan change the emperor’s children in Zhangzong period, but alsohelped the conspirators murder the emperor in the Weishao King period. Eunuchs in the army did not have a right to command. There were also somegood eunuchs, who offered admonitions to emperors and wives by means ofspecial identity close to them.Liao and Jin Dynasty continued to use the eunuchs in the palace as theCentral China traditionally did. The system of the eunuch in Liao and Jindynasty had formed unique characteristics: Firstly, Liao and Jin all did notappear eunuchs dictator. Secondly, the northern minorities with resolute fiercenational character rejected being eunuchs. So in Liao and Jin period, only HanChinese were castrated to be eunuchs rather than other ethnic groups. Thirdly,with the centralization of authority in Liao and Jin dynasty, the eunuchs hadbecome more active in the politics and get the political space. Finally, Liao andJin Dynasty, there exists the difference in terms of the eunuchs’ appointment.