Pronoun Of Zhang Zhuo’s Works

Zhang Zhuo, who lived from Gaozong period to Xuanzong period, the existing works including worldly novel You Xian Ku, sketchbook Chao Ye Qian Zai, Long Jin Feng Sui Pan, poetries Yong Yan Zi and Da Huo Ren, which are included in Quan Tang Shi, proses Cang Zhou Gong Gao Xian Shi Xing Si Shi Jia Xiang Bei and Chen Qing Biao, which are included in Quan Tang Wen. The works of Zhang Zhuo are rich in content, and the language is easy-going, with a strong spoken characteristic. And these have great significance to the research of middle Chinese.This paper takes Zhang Zhuo’s works as basic corpora, and takes all pronouns in his works as the research objects. In view of that Chinese polite and self-depreciatory words have closely relation with pronoun, this paper also pay some attention to the polite and self-depreciatory words in Zhang Zhuo’s works. In this paper, we have used the static description, quantitative statistics and graphics,and in this way we hope that this paper can give a real and clear outlook of the pronoun in Zhang Zhuo’s works.This paper includes seven parts.The fist part is the introduction. This part mainly involve some basic questions of pronoun, including the parts of speech status of the pronoun, the object that the pronoun refers to, the actual situation of pronoun and the classification of pronouns. At the same time, this paper also presents the research situation of the middle Chinese pronoun, the research object and research methods of this paper.The second part is about the classification and the number of statistics of the pronoun in Zhang Zhuo’s works. This paper in accordance with the pronoun trichotomy, divide the pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works into three categories:personal pronouns, demonstrative pronoun and interrogative pronouns. The number of statistics of the pronoun in Zhang Zhuo’s works including two aspects:the number of each category and the amount of each word.The third part is about the syntactic function of pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works. We have studied the syntactic functions of each pronoun, and found that the syntactic functions of pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works are very rich. In Zhang Zhuo’s works, the pronouns can be used as subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial, appositive, and even can be used as separate sentences.The fourth part is about the semantic function of pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works. We have studied the semantic functions of each pronoun. Personal pronouns can refer to the speaker and the hearer, and can also refer to those who are neither the speakers nor the hearers. Demonstrative pronoun can refer to a person, something, ways, extent, status, etc. Interrogtive pronoun is used to express interrogation about someone, something, the time, the place, the reason, the way and the inetods, etc. Interrogtive pronoun even can be used as noninterrogtive pronoun.The fifth part is about the polite and self-depreciatory words in Zhang Zhuo’s works. In this part, we have accounted the number and the usage of these two kinds of words. And we have given a brief introduction of the syntactic function and the semantic function of these two kinds of words.The sixth part is to analyze other questions of pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works, including three points. The first point is the representation of the singular and plural about pronouns. The second point is about the word order of pronominal objects in Zhang Zhuo’s works. The last point is about the construction mode of polyphony pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works.The seventh part is the conclusion about the content of this paper. In this part, we have summarized the characteristics of pronouns in Zhang Zhuo’s works. The first one is that most of these pronouns follow the ancient Chinese. The second one is that there have been some emerging pronouns, such as the second personal pronoun "ni", the third personal pronoun "ta", far pronoun "na" and interrogative pronoun "na". The third one is the use of words with the characteristics of the times, such as "qu". The fourth one is that the pronouns have rich quantity and perfect function. The fifth one is that the near pronoun system is more complex than the far pronoun system.