The Expression Of PED/PEA-15in The Tissues Of Esophageal Cell And Its Significance

Objective: Esophageal cancer is a kind of common alimentary canalmalignant tumors with the feature of high incidence and poor prognosis. Theinitiation and progression of esophageal cancer is closely related to variousaspects, including diet, environment, heredity and genetic changes, and therole of genetic changes in the development of esophageal cancer has becomethe hotspot now. Esophageal cancer is a process of proliferative lesion of thesquamous epithelial cell of esophagus, during which variety of regulatoryfactors in cell cycle participate in the regulation of different links, with the cellapoptosis and disorders the most significant link. Apoptosis is one moreorderly and active process with a series of enzyme involved and genesmanipulated. The adjustment and control of apoptosis is a complex processcaused or restricted by joint action of multiple aspects while the activation ofcaspases is the dominant regulatory factors.The current research shows that when the induction factors start to affectthe start of apoptosis and genes to adjust it, some specific receptor protein oncell membrane should transmit the apoptotic signals to caspase and make itactivated, with the result of the morphological changes and apoptosis of cell.IAPs is an anti-apoptotic proteins of the same homology in structure,which shows the high expression of the anti-apoptotic protein present in avariety of malignant tumors. Similar to IAPs in anti-apoptotic mechanism,PED/PEA-15is a small molecular broad-spectrum anti-apoptotic protein,which can rely on the death effect domain (DED) to restraint the formation ofDISC and block the activation cascade so that the apoptosis of the tutor cellcan be restricted and promote the initiation and progression. Nowadays thereare many corresponding studies on the expression of PED/PEA-15on manytutors, including throat cancer, lung cancer, etc. while the related study on the significance and expression of PED/PEA-15on esophageal cancer is stillrarely reported in different periodicals.The research is to detect the difference of the expressions ofPED/PEA-15on normal tissue and the esophageal squamous carcinoma,analyze the relationship with the clinical and pathological features ofesophageal cancer and discuss the relationship between the expression andprognosis of esophageal carcinoma, with the purpose of further exploring thesignificance of its clinical treatment for esophageal cancer.Method:Wax block of the cancer are extracted from50selected patients withesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, confirmed by operation in the FourthHospital of Hebei Medical University,32males and18females, with theproportion of men and women1.78/1and the average of55.9years. Accordingto the postoperative pathological result, the mucosa and submucosa of9cases,muscular layer of12cases and fiber membrane of29were invaded, withsurrounding soft tissue of no case invaded. Meanwhile,35cases demonstratethe lymph node metastasis and the left cases have no such metastasis.The experimental group consists of12cases with tumor tissue poorlydifferentiated,30mid differentiated and8high differentiated. All the casesdidn’t receive radiation therapy and chemical therapy before operation and thematerials after operation are intact. The control group is composed of paraffinblocks of54normal cases collected from January to December of2005in thehospital. The expressions of PED/PEA-15on the50cancer tissues and on the54normal tissues are detected by immunohistochemistry, meanwhile, therelationship between expressions of PED/PEA-15and the clinical andpathological features of esophageal cancer is also analyzed.Esophageal carcinoma cell line TE1and TE2, provided by the laboratoryof the tumor research center of Chiba County Japan, were amplified throughthe process of cell resuscitation and passage. These two kinds of cancer cellTE1and TE2are stored as10backup respectively, from which RNA areextracted. The differences of the expressions of PED/PEA-15on these two kinds of cancer cell are detected by the method of RT-PCRResult:1.The expression of PED/PEA-15on the tissues of esophageal cell isdetected by immunohistochemistry.The positive rate of the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteinPED/PEA-15was60.0%in the50tissues of squamous cell carcinomaesophagus; the rate was33.3%in the54normal tissues. The statistics showsthat there is dramatic difference between the expressions.30of the50tissues of squamous cell carcinoma esophagus show thepositive expression, and the total rate of expression is60.0%. The distributionis as follows:63.3%are male,36.7%female;36.7%of the patients are over60and63.3%are less than60;16.7%of the patients suffer the tumor in theupper esophagus,63.3%in the mid esophagus and20.0%in the loweresophagus. Statistics shows that the expression of the protein in the tissues ofesophageal cell is not related to the gender and age of the patients and thetumor position（P>0.05）, no difference in statistics. The analysis of thelong-term survival of patients indicates that the higher the positive expressionof PED/PEA-15is, the lower the5-year survival rate is. Among the30patients with the positive expression,83.3%suffer lymph node metastases,16.7%didn’t;10.0%of the patients were invaded in the mucosa andsubmucosa,23.3%in muscular,66.7%layer fiber membrane;33.3%werepoorly differentiated,56.7%mid differentiated and10.0%high differentiated.Statistics shows that the expression of PED/PEA-15has a close relationshipwith the depth of invasion, the lymph node metastases and the degree ofdifferentiation.2. The differences of expression of ED/PEA-15on TE1and TE2isdetected by RT-PCRThe result of mRNA of PED/PEA-15on esophageal cancer is that TE1（1.513±0.118）、TE2（1.491±0.064. There are no significant differences in theexpressions of mRNA on esophageal cancer.（P>0.05） Conclusion:1. The expression rate of PED/PEA-15is dramatically higher in thetissues of squamous cell carcinoma esophagus than in the normal tissues.（P<0.05）2.The expression of PED/PEA-15in the tissues of esophageal cancer isnot related to the gender and age of the patients and the tumor position（average P>0.05）.3. The expression of PED/PEA-15has a close relationship with the depthof invasion, the lymph node metastases and the degree of differentiation: thehigher the positive expression is, the lower the5-year survival rate is.4.The expression of PED/PEA-15can all be found in different cell linesof esophageal cancer, but with no apparent difference.