The Healing Effects Of BMP And FGF With Gelatin Sponge As The Carrier In Cleft Palate Surgery In Rats

Objective：This study is used to compare the effection of BMP andFGF effect on the bone defect in the cleft palate animal model，with thecarrier of gelatin sponge.And explore the application prospect of BMPand FGF in cleft palate repair with gelatin sponge as the carrier，compound BMP and FGF，using it for cleft palate animal model of bonedefect.Methods：Divide female Wista rats around200+10grams into5groups randomly，experimental group and control group1(BMP group)，control group2(FGF group) and control group3(gelatin sponge group)and control group (blank control group). After cleft palate operation，givethe rats with gelatin sponge with BMP or FGF concentration of50micrograms/ml according to the experiment design. Full liquid dietpostoperatively. Kill2rats randomly in each group in the postoperativeday7，day14and day21，take the palatine bone to make palatine boneblock for X–ray films and determination of bone mineral density. Makethe bone into bone biopsy using the staining of HE and modified gomori.Results：The clinical observation showed the experimental group andcontrol group2wound healing quickly，flat and level compared withother3groups，which have the less scar tissue.Production of palatine bone block show that the gelatin sponge canbe seen in postoperative day7residually，with basic clear formation. And in postoperative day14the gelatin sponge can be find only without aspecific shape. Postoperative day21the gelatin sponge basicly degradate.Reading X ray show that each defect is for low density shadow. In7th day，14th day and21st day after surgery， brightness of theexperimental group and control group1increased，but they still show thelow density shadow comparing with the surrounding bone tissue. Theother3groups’ defect edge blur，defect pervious to light.Grey value measurement analysis results show that the generation of5groups are all having generation of hard tissue. The experimental groupand control group1grey value are higher than the rest of the three groupsin the postoperative day7，day14and day21.Bone mineral density measurement analysis indicates that5groups’bone destiny increased. And the experimental group and control group1grey value are higher than the rest of the three groups in the postoperativeday7，day14and day21.Histopathological observation：Each group can be seen a largenumber of inflammatory cells and fibrous connective tissue inpostoperative day7；Osteoblast and osteoclast and a small amount of newbone trabecular can be seen in the experimental group and control group1；Control group2has a large number of newborn capillaries，lessosteoblast and osteoclast；Control group3and group4only have a largenumber of inflammatory cells, without osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Inpostoperative day14， each group can be seen a large number ofinflammatory cells， relatively less than postoperative day7； Theexperimental group and control group1is visibled osteoblast andosteoclast and a large number of new bone trabecular；Control group2 has a large number of blood capillary，a small amount of new bonetrabecular；The control group3and group4has inflammatory cells，alarge number of fibrous connective tissue，new blood vessels,without thetrabecular bone formation. In postoperative day21，each group can beseen a small amount of inflammatory cells；The experimental group andcontrol group1can be seen a large number of new trabecular bone；Control group2has a large number of blood capillary，a small amount ofnew bone trabecular；Control group3and group4show a small amountof inflammatory cells，a large number of fibrous connective tissue，newblood vessels，withou the trabecular bone formation.Discussion：Two sticky periosteal method is widely used in clinicaltreatment of cleft palate surgery. However，the operation only close thesoft tissue crack failing in restoring integrity of the hard tissue，whichcauses postoperative upper jaw bone deformity easily. GBR techniqueis expected to be used in the treatment of the cleft palatal plate due tosuccess in the treatment of alveolar process cleft. However，the carrierwidely used in the experiments cannot meet clinical needs because of theexpensive price， low degradation rate,and poor plasticity， such asmolecular biological membrane and all kinds of carrier materials. Gelatinsponge has the advantage of good histocompatibility，source widely，easily getted，and can be absorbed on its own，which make it widely usedin clinical at present. Gelatin sponge is a common kind of carrier，used forbone tissue engineering，and has good cellular-adhesion，which make itpossible to be used as cell growth stent. This experiment proved thatBMP can promote osteogenesis in healing after the cleft palate surgury，and FGF can promote angiogenesis，shorten wound healing time and improve the quality of wound healing，with gelatin sponge as the carrier，compound BMP and FGF. However，it remains to be discussed whetherthis method can be used in clinical remains to due to the fast break-downof gelatin sponge in the human body.Conclusion：1, gelatin sponge has good hemostatic effect；2, gelatinsponge can be used as a biological engineering support，but it degradaterapidly；3，BMP has better osteogenesis effect than that of FGF，FGF’sangiogenesis effect is better than that of BMP. Apply two drugscombination，promote the osteogenesis effect is superior to the simpleapplication of BMP.