| Scarlet Fever，a statutory B infectious disease in China,is a kind of acuterespiratory infectious disease caused by red rash toxin b group A hemolyticstreptococcus infection. Its major symptoms are fever, angina, systemic diffuse brightred rash and rash back obvious desquamation, etc. and a minority of patients may sufferother complications such as myocarditis, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis andseptic arthritis due to allergic reactions. It seriously affects people’s health and eventhreatens their lives. In recent years, the severe invasive group A beta hemolyticstreptococcus infection have been on the rise in some countries across Europe andAmerica due to environmental and some unknown factors. In China, the incidence ofscarlet fever is high and also rising year by year, ranked from17th in2003up to12th in2008among the27kinds of statutory a, B infectious diseases. This article draws on dataprovided by the disease surveillance information reporting system to investigate thescarlet fever morbidity level, the epidemic characteristic and trend in Changchun city.By doing so, it is expected to provide scientific basis for developing control strategiesand predicting epidemic trend. And eventually, it can contribute to the better preventionand treatment of scarlet fever, reducing its incidence and harm, understanding theepidemic characteristics of scarlet fever, and identifying the weak points in itsprevention and treatment.Objective: To understand the three distributions scarlet fever according to time,space and people within the year2007~2011in the Changchun City and its presentsituation as well; to evaluate the preventive measures and effects base on the epidemiccharacteristics and trend of Scarlet Fever in Changchun City; to provide the scientificbasis for the prediction of epidemic trend and further prevention and control measures.Methods: The data of this study come from "disease monitoring informationmanagement system". Use descriptive epidemiological methods to describe the threedistributions scarlet fever according to time, space and people within the year 2007~2011in the Changchun City. SPSS13.0is run to analyze the monitoring data ofEXCEL format, which are output from the Direct Network Reporting System ofChangchun. Use rate and ratio index for count data.Results:1. The cumulative reported number of scarlet fever is1990cases inChangchun from2007to2011. The incidence rate of annual average cases is5.39/10,and there is no death case. By the data, the incidence rate of scarlet fever presentedrelatively high level in2007, then, the annual incidence rate reduced year by year from2007to2010. The incidence rate of2011increased significantly.2. The annual incidence rate of scarlet fever is in obvious seasonal fluctuationfrom2007to2011. It presents two higher incidence peak seasons compared with otherseasons, namely spring peak and winter peak. Having made comparison with monthlycases of scarlet fever in every year, the author finds (that) the highest incidence peak ofthe whole year is in May and June; then, it gradually declineds till October. The lastthree months of a year forms the second incidence peak. The similar cycle reciprocatesin each year. It reports the least number of scarlet fever cases in February. Theincidence rate and the trend are basically the same in each year.3. There are14districts (counties, county-level cities) in Changchun. During2007and2011, all these districts reported scarlet fever cases in every year, except Jiutai Cityreporting zero scarlet fever in2010. Within the period of five years, the trend ofincidence rate of scarlet fever in all districts is roughly the same, which graduallyreduced year by year from2007to2010, while it rose suddenly in2011. Thepathogenesis level of Nongan county, Jiutai city, Dehui city and Yushu city aregenerally low. The highest incidence rate is reported in Erdao District in2010, andfollowed by Luyuan District in2011. Considering the overall distribution of scarletfever cases, it mainly concentrated in the downtown district. The total number ofscarlet fever cases in downtown district is1180with the incidence rate of10.49(/100000), which is higher than the incidence rate of the Development District. TheDevelopment District is reported with a total number of270cases, with the incidencerate of7.24(/100000); the number reported in suburbs is540cases, with the incidencerate of2.46(/100000). Therefore, the incidence rate of the Development District is significantly higher than those of surrounded counties and cities.4. Within1990scarlet fever cases, the male patients are1229cases, accountingfor61.76%. The women patients are761cases, accounting for38.24%. Genderdistribution is1:0.62. The number of men patients is more than women. Obviously,the incidence rate of male is higher than that of women for scarlet fever.5. The minimum age of incidence of scarlet fever is a2-month baby, and themaximum age is57years old. The incidence age of scarlet fever is ranging from0to15years old. The age group from5to10years old occupies the highest incidenceparticipation with the percent of64.14%. The scarlet fever cases are mainlyconcentrates in the age group from0to15years old. Especially the people from5to10years old belong to high risk population, which once occupied59.15%of the totalincidence cases. The patients above the age of15are130cases, accounting for6.52%of the total number of cases.6. From2007to2011, the scarlet fever is founded in each occupation inChangchun. The highest incidence risk population is students, which were917cases,accounting for46.08%of the total number of cases; it is followed by kindergartenchildren, which occurred with558cases, accounting for28.04%of the number ofdisease; for the third highest risk population is scattering children, which occurred with451cases, accounting for22.66%of the total number of disease. Therefore, the generaldistribution of scarlet fever cases is among children and a crowd of students. Thenumber of teachers is least, which occurred with5cases, accounting for only0.26%ofthe total number of cases.Conclusion: A total of1990cases of scarlet fever were reported in ChangchunCity over2007~2011, with the average annual incidence rate of5.39/10million and nodeath. Fever incidence showed relatively high level in2007, and there had been adecreasing trend year by year between2007and2011. The year2011saw a significantincrease again. The annual incidence of scarlet fever has two peaks, respectively in Mayand June and from October to December. The incidence rate in city is higher than that indevelopment zone; and the latter is higher than the incidence rate of counties. Of the1990cases, the sex ratio is1:0.62. Incidence of scarlet fever is higher among the age of 0~15, and the5~10age group tops the highest with an incidence of64.14%. The scarletfever was seen to occur among people of varied occupations, and students, kindergartenchildren, scattered children rank top of the list. |
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