| OBJECTIVE:We attempted to evaluate the nutritional and diet factors of inpatients at different ages by characterizing their nutritional status and diet characteristics, such as investigating their diet behaviors, measuring their biochemical indicators and finding out their diet features, so as to provide scientific basis for nutritional education, guidance and therapy for inpatients in future.METHODS:208inpatients in the second hospital of Shandong University from March2009to March2011were randomly selected and divided into three groups according to age: Group1(young group):44years old and below,72people (male42and female30). Group2(middle-age group):45to59years old,58people (male34and female24). Group3(elder group):aged60and over,78people (male34and female44). A questionnaire survey on diet and lifestyle was used to assess the nutritional status of the patients. Biochemical indicators including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were tested and recorded. We studied the differences of the biochemical index and made a comparison of the dietary intake among these groups. Comparing the acquired data respectively to the amount suggested by balanced dietary pagoda, we evaluated the nutritional status and dietary characteristics. The statistical work was processed by ANOVA and SPSS11.5.Results:1. The height, weight, BMI, waist and waist-hip ratio of females were less than males (P<0.01). The male height of group2was taller than that of group1(P＜0.05).2. The spice intake was different among these groups. The intake of soy sauce and vinegar in females of group2was the highest.3. All kinds of food intakes were different among those groups.(1) Flour consumption:Males> females; sorting by age:young males> old females> young females.(2) Fried food consumption:The highest intake was in young males. And fried food consumption of middle-aged males was higher than that of young females.(3) The beef and mutton intake:The group of young male inpatients had the highest intake, which was much more than the other five groups,(4) Animal viscera consumption:young males were higher than females; old males were higher than young females.(5) Beans consumption:Middle-aged males had the highest intake; old females were higher than young females (p<0.05); and old males were higher than young females.(6) Fruit consumption:The highest intake was in young females; old females were higher than middle-aged females.(7) The pickle intake:It was higher in old inpatients than in young females (p<0.01), and also higher than young males and middle-aged females.(8) The highest monthly food spending was in middle-aged males, which was much higher than the other groups.4. The intakes of personal hobby product were different among those groups. The old males have the highest smoking rate. The young males had the highest beer intake. There was the highest coffee consumption in middle-age females. Male and female of all age groups had a big tea hobby, while fruit wine hobby is less popular.5. The difference in daily activity times was quite big. The domestic activitiy time of old females was longer than that of young females and males in the other groups. It was also longer of middle-aged females than that of young males. The old females had the longest time of aerobic exercise, while young males had the longest time of anaerobic exercise.6. There were many differences and unreasonable aspects in dietary behaviors of all inpatients.(1) The number of people having breakfast everyday:young females were more than middle-aged males; old ones were more than middle-age females, and also more than middle-aged males.(2) The number of people who is fond of light diet:young females were more than old males; both middle-aged females and males were more than young males.(3) The number of people who preferred salty taste:the young ones and old males were both more than middle-age females; middle-aged males were less than old males; old males were more than old females.(4) The number of people having big dinner:the young males were more than young females and middle-aged males, and also more than middle-aged females and the old ones.(5) The number of people who had regular timing quantitative dinners:young females were more than young males and old males; young males and old females were more than middle-aged males; middle-aged males were more than old males.(6) The number of people concentrating on eating:young males were more than young females; middle-aged ones and old ones were both more than young females; young males were both less than middle-aged females and old females; middle-aged females and old females were both more than middle-aged males.(7) The number of picky eaters:The least was in young females; old males were less than young males; old females were more than old males.(8) The number of people who never overeat:The least was in young males.(9) The number of people who usually have supper:Young females were the most group.(10) The number of snackers:The most was in young females.(11) The number of people paying attention to health:Young females and middle-aged females were more than young males and old males.7. The inpatients who had inadequate intakes of fruit, fish and shrimp and milk account took up for a large proportion in all groups. While only a few patients had inadequate intakes of vegetables, poultry meat and corns.8. There were differences in the frequency of daily diet consumption of different kinds of food among those groups. The old ones had a higher frequency of the intake s of grains, eggs, fruits, nuts, sweets and pickles, while the young ones had a higher frequency of pork, beef, mutton and poultry intakes.Conclusion:1. The inpatients of different ages and gender had different spice intakes, which should be changed accordingly.2. There were differences in intakes of all kinds of food among inpatients in different ages and gender. The differences in the consumptions of grain, fried, beef and mutton were apparently bigger than others. And the proportion of coarse grains and refined grains was unreasonable. All patients should change their diet hobbits accordingly and choose food reasonably.3. Old males have the most smokers, but all the young females and middle-aged females were non-smoker. Smoking should be inhibited. Young males had the highest consumption of beer and liqueur. They should control the intake of alcohol. Middle-aged females had the highest intake of coffee. It appeared that all patients were fond of much tea, but little wine. We suggest that people should increase the wine intake, as well as drinking some tea.4. Old females took the longest time to do domestic activities and aerobic exercise. Young males spent the longest time in doing anaerobic exercise. They should increase the time of aerobic exercise.5. The number of old females who like light diet was the most. Young males were the most who like bigger supper and overeat. Young females were fond of snack, but little of them concentrated on eating. Females paid more attention to personal health. Males should pay attention to nutritional education.6. The inpatients who had inadequate intakes of fruit, fish and shrimp and milk account took up for a large proportion in all groups. While only a few patients had inadequate intakes of vegetables, poultry meat and corns. They should increase the intakes of fruit, fish, shrimp and milk.7. Old inpatients had the more consumption of grain, eggs, fruits, nuts, sweets and pickles, while young ones had much more intake of pork, beef, mutton and poultry. And they should adjust the intakes reasonably. |
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