Study On Hypoglycemic And Hepatoprotective Effect Of Indigofera Stachyodes Lindl. And Trapa Acornis

This dissertation is composed of four chapters. The first chapter discussed the antioxidantcapacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. The second chapter includedeffects of I. stachyodes and Trapa acornis against alloxan-induced diabetic mice and CCl4-induced acuteliver injury mice. The third chapter, contents of total polyphens and flavonoids in shell of T. acornis. Thefourth chapter, studies progress of chemical constituent and pharmaceutical of the genus Indigofera andTrapa were summarized.Chapter Ⅰ Bioactivities of Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. in virtoThis chapter includes two parts. Part1: The antioxidant capacity of ISR （Indigofera stachyodesLindl. root） had been determined by using2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）,2,2-azinobis（3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） assay.Results showed that extracts of EtOAC （ISREA） and n-BuOH （ISRBU） had good total antioxidant activityin vitro. ISREA had the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH: IC150=7.82μg· mL-, ABTS: IC50=2.37μg· mL^-1and FRAP=2270.80μmol TE· g^-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity of ISREA was higherthan that of BHT (DPPH: IC-150=18.71μg· mL, ABTS: IC50=7.72μg· mL^-1, FRAP=1581.68μmolTE· g^-1, respectively). Part2: α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of I. stachyodes Lindl. root （ISR） wasscreened by96-microplate-based PNPG as the substrate method in vitro. Extracts of ISR showed higherα-glucosidase inhibitory activity. ISRBU (IC50=7.01μg· mL^-1) had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitoryactivity. Extracts of ISR was higher than that of acarbose (IC50=1081.06μg· mL^-1) as positive control. Chapter Ⅱ Effects of Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. and Trapa acornis against diabetic and acute liverinjury in miceThis chapter is divided into two parts. The first part, effects of extracts of I. stachyodes and T.acornis against alloxan-induced diabetic rats were studied in vivo. Compared with diabetic control mice,results showed that oral administration of ISREA and ISRBU could decrease FSG （fasting blood glucose）and PBG （postprandial blood glucose） without statistical significance （p>0.05）. Administration of ISRBU(800mg· kg^-1and400mg· kg^-1, respectively) could significantly （p<0.001） increase liver glycogencontent and SOD （superoxide dismutase） level （p<0.05） in serum and significantly （p<0.001, p<0.01andp<0.05, respectively） decrease serum TC （total cholesterol）, TG （triglyceride） level and MDA（malondialdehyde） content in diabetic mice. Compared with diabetic control mice, administration ofTASEA (1200and400mg· kg^-1, respectively) and TASBU (1000and300mg· kg^-1, respectively)significantly decreased （p<0.01and p<0.05, respectively） the level of FSG, PBG and MDA, but itcould decrease the level of TG without statistical significance （p>0.05）. TASEA (1200mg· kg^-1) couldsignificantly （p<0.05） increase liver glycogen content and significantly （p<0.05） decreased the level of TC.TASBU (1000mg· kg^-1) could significantly （p<0.05） increase the level of SOD in serum. Resultsindicated that TASEA and TASBU had significant antihyperglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabeticrats.The second part, hepatoprotective effects of extracts of I. stachyodes and T. acornis againstCCl4-induced acute liver injury mice were studied in vivo. Compared with control mice, results showed thatoral administration of ISREA (200mg· kg^-1), ISRBU (1000mg· kg^-1) and ISRBU (500mg· kg^-1)could significantly decreased the levels of GPT and GOT （p<0.001and p<0.05, respectively） in serum. ISREA (200mg· kg^-1) has the best effect. Oral administration each dose of ISREA and ISRBU couldsignificantly decrease MDA content and significantly increased SOD level in liver tissue （p<0.05）. ISRBU(500mg· kg^-1) has the best effect （p<0.001）. Compared with control mice, results showed that oraladministration each dose of TASEA and TASBU could significantly decrease the levels of GPT and GOT inserum （p<0.001and p<0.01, respectively） and could significantly decrease MDA content in liver tissue（p<0.001）, in addition to TASEA (200mg· kg^-1) group, the treatment group were significantly increasedSOD level in serum （p<0.001, p<0.01and p<0.05, respectively）.Chapter Ⅲ Contents of total polyphens and flavonoids in shell of T. acornisThis chapter is divided into two parts. The first part, total phenolic content of T. acornis wasevaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu method for the first time. Results showed that total phenolic content ofmethanol extracts of T. acornis （TAS） was34.58mg· g^-1, EtOAC （TASEA）(17.16mg· g^-1) had thehigher total phenilic content than that of n-BuOH （TASBU）(12.43mg· g^-1) and petroleum ether （TASPE）(0.07mg· g^-1) of methanol extracts of T. acornis. The second part, total flavonoid content was determinedby Al（NO3）3-NaNO2-NaOH colorimetric method for the first time, total flavonoids content of methanolextracts of T. acornis （TAS） was8.31mg· g^-1. TASBU (4.46mg· g^-1) had the highest total flavonoidscontent than that of TASEA (2.66mg· g^-1) and TASPE (0.12mg· g^-1).Chapter IV Progress of the genus of Indigofera and TrapaThis chapter divided into two parts. The first part: study progress of chemical constituents andpharmacological activity about genus Indigofera were investigated. Photochemistry research discoveredthat the genus contained flavonoids, phenols, saccharides, alkaloids, terpenoid, saponins, protein andsteroid. Pharmacological activities were antibacterial and antifungal, cyclooxygenase （COX） inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, anticancer activity, liver protection, acutegastric ulcer protection, inhibitory efect on human platelet aggregation, antihyperglycemic andantidyslipidemic activity.The second part: study progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity aboutgenus Trapa were summarized. Photochemistry research discovered that the genus contained flavonoids,phenols, sterols, alkaloids, polysaccharide, volatile oil and amino acids. Pharmcological activities wereanticancer activity, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, antimicrobial, analgesic, liverprotection, antihyperglycemic and immunomodulator andantiatherogenic activity.