Studies On Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Nutrition Of Two Standard Chrysanthemum Varieties

In this paper,’Nenzhuyusun’ and ’Ziruyi’ were used to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, as while as the ratio of nitrogen and potassium, on growth and development of standard chrysanthemum, using peat+vermiculite+perlite1:1:1as matrix. By analyzing the effects of different treatments on growth indicators (plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, internode length), flowering indicators (flower diameter, flower height, pedicel length, pedicel diameter, ligulate number), chlorophyll content, dry weight and nutrient content, considering appreciation standard of chrysanthemum, the optimum fertilization application and ratio were established to provide reference for rational fertilization in the production.The main results of the study were as follows:1. Plant height, leaf number, leaf size, stem diameter were the best in nitrogen concentration of240mg· L-1, while flower diameter, flower height, pedicel diameter, ligulate number were the best in120mg·L-1. The nitrogen concentration of240mg· L-1and120mg·L-1were respectively optimal dosage for the vegetative and reproductive growth stage of chrysanthemum.2. Phosphorus deficiency had deleterious consequences on plant height, leaf development and flower quality. The phosphorus concentration of60mg· L-1was the optimal dosage for the growth and development of chrysanthemum. Phosphorus inhibited nitrogen absorption and promoted the absorption of calcium and magnesium.3. Potassium deficiency had deleterious consequences on both plant growth and flowering. The indicators changed unsignificantly with the potassium application rate when it was more than160mg· L-1. The potassium concentration of160～300mg·L-1was the optimal dosage for the growth and development of chrysanthemum. Potassium inhibited the absorption of calcium and magnesium. 4. Cooperation application of nitrogen and potassium had significantly promoted the growth and development of chrysanthemum. The effeets of nitrogen were more than potassium on leaf size, internode length, pedicel diameter and dry weight. Interaction between nitrogen and potassium was obvious on leaf size, internode length, ligulate number and stem dry weight. The optimum proportion of nitrogen to potassium was1:1.1or1:1.6for the growth and development of chrysanthemum.