Study On Effects Of P, K And Organic Fertilizer On Quality And Yield Of Potato

Potato variety Chuanyu117is selected in this experiment. The effects of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, quality and yield of potato were studied with the common rotatable design of three factors. According to the data obtained, a mathematical model was established, in which phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer were independent variables, and growth, yield were dependent variables. Draw the phosphorus, potassium, organic fertilizer fertilization the optimal proportion of the scheme. The main results were as followed:1. The reasonable application of phosphate, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer to promote the potato:The phosphate, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer was to improve the emergence rate, increase the potato seedling height and weight accumulation of dry matter.2. The reasonable application of phosphorus acid and organic fertilizer can improve the potato leaf photosynthetic performance:In tuber early form, swollen formation tuber and maturity, the potato leaf area index as increased as potassium, organic fertilizer increases, the application of calcium superphosphate750Kg·hm-2, potassium sulfate450Kg·hm-2, organic fertilizer40000Kg·hm-2of the potato leaf area index is the largest and that helped to increase leaf area index. In the flowering period, p and organic fertilizer application of high and low potash use potato chlorophyll SPAD value is higher; P and organic fertilizer seems in the medium level above the potatoes photosynthetic rate is higher.3. The reasonable application of phosphorus acid and organic fertilizer can improve the quality of the potato tuber:In the tuber of swollen, potato starch content with the increased of increase and first increase reduced in amount of calcium superphosphate696.59Kg·hm-2starch content supreme; Alpha amylase activity, crude protein content and Vc content with the increased of increased; The content of soluble sugar and Browning strength with the increased of increase and decrease; Polyphenol oxidase activity with the increased of increase and decrease to increase, in660.24Kg·hm-2, polyphenol oxidase activity minimum. In maturity, potato starch content, and alpha amylase activity with the increased of increase and first less after increased, in for calcium superphosphate558.17Kg·hm-2and346.24Kg·hm-2, starch content, and alpha amylase activity lowest respectively; Vc content with the increased of increase and first increase reduced in664.34Kg·hm-2, the highest content Vc; Crude protein content with the increased of increased; The content of soluble sugar, polyphenol oxidase activity and Browning strength with the increased of increase and decrease. Therefore, to improve the quality of the potato, calcium superphosphate638.70-658.80Kg·hm-2.In the tuber of swollen, potato starch content, alpha amylase activity, crude protein content and Vc increased with increasing amount of k; The content of soluble sugar and browning strength decreased with the increase of k; Polyphenol oxidase activity with the increase of k and first decreases increase, in the amount of potassium sulfate was458.08Kg·hm-2, polyphenol oxidase activity minimum. In maturity, potato starch content, crude protein content and browning strength with the increase of k and first less after increased, in potassium sulfate quantity was for254.51Kg·hm-2,189.17Kg·hm-2,429.29Kg·hm-2, starch content, crude protein content, browning strength lowest respectively; The content of soluble sugar and polyphenol oxidase activity with the increase of amount of k and decreased; Alpha amylase activity and Vc with increased with increasing amount of k. Therefore, to improve the quality of the potato, potassium sulfate319.35-378.90Kg·hm-2.In the tuber of swollen, potato starch content, alpha amylase activity and crude protein content was increased with organic fertilizer; The content of soluble sugar and browning strength was decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer; Vc content and polyphenol oxidase activity with the increase of organic fertilizer with the less after increased, in organic fertilizer was for20011.90Kg·hm-2and37843.00Kg·hm-2, Vc content and polyphenol oxidase activity lowest respectively. In maturity, starch content, the content of soluble sugar and browning strength with the increase of organic fertilizer with the less after increased, in27860.10Kg·hm-2,37059.80Kg·hm-2,37988.51Kg·hm-2, starch content, soluble sugar content, browning strength lowest respectively; Alpha amylase activity, crude protein content and Vc content with organic fertilizer was increased; Polyphenol oxidase activity with the increase of the organic fertilizer was reduced. Therefore, to improve the quality of the potato, organic fertilizer seems for32330-37960Kg·hm-2Commodity rate with potato p fertilization of potassium and the increase of the first decreases increased, in calcium superphosphate850Kg·hm-2and potassium sulfate550Kg·hm-2, the highest rate in the commodity chips; With organic fertilizer was increased. Therefore, be helpful for high quality of the formation of the best quality of potato fertilization scheme for:calcium superphosphate638.70-658.80Kg·hm-2and potassium sulfate319.35-378.90Kg·hm-2, organic fertilizer seems is32330-37960Kg·hm-2.4. Phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer on the potato crop affected:The mathem-atical model of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer on the yield:Y=19064.2367+1209.0223X1+1489.4241X2+1501.0756X3+1208.4055X12-1045.5081X22+1531.2575X1X2+1031.2550X2X3. Potassium fertilizer had the greatest influence on yields, followed by phosphorus, organic fertilizer on small influence on production; Production with the increased of increase and decrease to increase, in the capacity of calcium superphosphate8Kg·hm-2, the highest yield; Production of k with the increased amount of increase and first after reduced in potassium sulfate quantity was for406.84Kg·hm-2, the highest yield; Production was increased with the organic fertilizer. The best fertilization scheme for the high yield of the potato:Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O584.10-692.10Kg·hm-2,K2SO4337.35-415.50Kg·hm-2,organic fertilizer31960-38100Kg·hm-2.