The Research On The Soil Erosion Of Zhungeer County In Loess Hilly Region Of Inner Mongolia

Analysis of soil erosion was systemically studied based on the meteorological data, DEM figures, soil data and TM remote sense images in Zhungeer country and seven around countries, located in Loess hilly region in Inner Mongolia, by using GIS, GPS, RS technology, and soil loss equation-USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation, and the further land use strategy was spatially analyzed incorporated with soil loss. The results are as follows:(1) The distribution of soil erosion were analyzed by using spatial overlay analysis among R factor, K factor, LS factor, C factor and P factor, and results shows:strong erosion>moderate erosion>very slight erosion> slight erosion>very strong erosion> severe erosion. The biggest area is strong erosion area with2281.65km2, followed by moderate erosion area with1973.46km2. The percentage of strong and moderate erosion area, which located in the middle and south, is56.36%of total area, and located in the middle and south.35.66%of total area is very slight and slight erosion, which was in the north.(2) The grassland, woodland and farmland are the main land use types in this area, and are92.4%of total area. The area of grassland, the biggest land type, is3955,66km2. Natural pasture, which is the main grassland, distributed in the west and south of zhungeer. The secondary land type is grassland, with2219.01km2, in which shrubbery is the main plant type, located in the middle of zhungeer. The area of farmland is801,88km2, in which85.90%is non-irrigated farmland, but9.12%of zhungeer. The irrigated farmland with113.08km2is located in Shi-er-lian-cheng viliage, Bu-er-tao-he villiage and north of Da-Lu town.(3) Because of the land use type is an important factor result in soil erosion. The unreasonable land use will increase in soil erosion. The most serious erosion was happened in farmland, of which the soil erosion index up to358. With the rapid growth of population, and the contradiction between population and land increasingly prominent, reclamation of sloping farmland was increased is a main reason to increase the farmland erosion. Followed by grassland, the erosion intensity index is292. Even though the area of grassland is biggest in all land types, vegetation coverage is low, grass yield is low, and grassland degradation is serious. The erosion intensity index of woodland is283. Shrubbery, as the main woodland plant, is not as good as wood in decrease sand and regulation of climate.(4) The main factors caused soil erosion in Zhungeer is natural role and human activities. Natural role includes climate, vegetation, geology, soil type, and so on. Human activities, including pastoral forest production activities, development of town, industry and mining, were able to cause soil erosion by destruction of vegetation types.