Evaluation Of Green Extract Technologies On Main Chemical Components In Tea Seed

Three experiments were performed to evaluate technologies for comprehensive utilization of tea seeds as raw materials. Based on the overview of chemical composition of tea seeds and their applications in various fields, detection, extraction and purification, The new route was established:The tea seed oil was extracted by supereritieal CO2(SFE),and then the teasaponin was extracted by70%ethanol from tea seed residue after oil removal. The tea seed polysaccharide was last extracted by water.The conclutions are as follows:Tea seed oil was extracted by organic solvents and supercritical CO2(SFE). Different extraction conditions, with a single factor and orthogonal optimization experiments were conducted to identify a combination of ideal tea seed oil extraction conditions and process parameters. Simultaneously, the important physical and chemical indicators of tea seed oil and fatty acid composition were analyzed by GC-MS in order to provide useful information for industrial production. Orthogonal tests were performed based on results of the single-factor tests.The conditions adhered to in order to optimally extract tea seed oil using organic solvents (petroleum ether) were an extraction temperature of50℃, soak time of3.0hours, solid-liquid ratio of1:4and an extraction rate of34.59%. Orthogonal range analysis of Supercritical CO2fluid extraction show that various factors affect the extraction rate of tea seed oil in order of magnitude as follows:extraction pressure> extraction temperature> extraction time> CO2flow rate. An ideal level of factor combination in Supercritical CO2Extraction of tea-seed oil is A2B3C1D2,(extraction pressure25Mpa, extraction temperature45℃, extraction time45min, CO2flow rate18L/h,and an extraction rate of34.77%). The fatty acid components analysed in tea seed oil by GC-MS showed that higher Iodine value,lower Peroxide,lower Acid value and higer contents of unsaturated fatty acids in tea seed oil extracted by supereritieal CO2.Good antioxidant capacity was found from the two extracted methods in tea-seed oil after heated.Compared to organic solvent extraction, use of supercritical CO2in tea seed oil extraction is better, based on direct consumption of tea seed oil and comprehensive utilization. However, from a cost perspective organic solvents extraction is more economical.The method "first distill saponin and then mention the polysaccharide" that is a comprehensive extraction methodology was adopted in the extraction and analysis of tea seed saponin.For tea seed polysaccharide extraction,different concentrations of ethanol were used to extract saponin from tea seed residue after oil removal.Using the method of repeatability indicators, the vanillin-sulfuric acid method was applied to measure the performance of tea saponin content extraction,the distinct advantage of this method whereby2.5ml (77%) of the vanillin solution and2.5ml (77%) of the sulfuric acid solution is added into the dilute solution of1ml,then at colorimetric of452.5nm.The better conditions for the extraction of tea seed saponin were established.These conditions are an extraction temperature of60℃, mass fraction of70%ethanol, solid-liquid ratio1:7,and an extraction time of3hours.Under these conditions,the crude saponin extraction rate was8.66%.To study tea seed polysaccharide extraction and quantitative analysis.The phenol-sulfuric acid method is ideal for tea seed polysaccharide determination.The obtained tea seed polysaccharide was subjected to a colorimetric assay whereby1.0ml of6%phenol was added to the test solution,put on ice bath,5.0ml sulfuric acid added.shaken and put on a water bath of100℃for10min,then cooled to room temperature.Absorbance was measured then at490nm.This method demonstrated a good stability and precision.After taking70%ethanol extract of tea seed saponin in tea seed residue and extracting tea seed polysaccharide,results of orthogonal test design showed that the optimal conditions for extraction of tea seed polysaccharide is an extraction temperature of60℃solid-liquid ratio of1:20,extraction time and rate of3hours and7.34%respectively.The percentage of tea seed extraction is44.79%after comprehensive extraction.