The Microstructure And The Submicrostructure On Skin And Skin Sense Organs Of Roughskin Sculpin (Trachidermus Fasciatus)

This paper summarizes the Roughskin sculpin(Trachidermus fasciatusHeckel) skin and skin sense organs organizational structure, for furtherstudy about relationship between its skin structure and the livingenvironment.Moreover,for further study about the relationship between thedevelopment of lateral-line system to provide basic reference materials, andadd lateral-line system evolution theory as well as provides a basis formaterial for the Roughskin sculpin down river migratory behavioralresearch, this study has the important meaning in explore of benthicliving environment adaptability to Roughskin sculpin.1. Microscope，scanning and transmission electron microscopy wereuesd to observe the microstructure and submicroscopic structure onthe skin of adult Trachidermus fasciatus. The results of the study showthat: different parts of the body skin s thickness is different, but thebasic structure similar. Skin is composed of epidermis and dermis layers.The skin of Roughskin Sculpin has no scale, epidermis layer is thinner,of about4to8layer of cells, which is mainly consisted by epithelial celland mucous cells and basal cell. The surface cells are flat, polygons, thecells are mainly connected by desmosomes, where the joint is formedridge-like processus.The free surface of epidermal cells depress inward,the surface have some fingerprint-like micro crests. Mucus cells are spherical，ovoid and distributed between epithelial cells. The primitivemucus granuleof mucus cells for three different forms just like ellipticgranule, uniform block and loose filamentous.Epidermis and dermis areconnected through basilar membrane, dermis is composed of stratumspongiosum and stratum compactum. Dermal connective tissue in theabdomen is thick and in other parts is thin. The joint of epidermis anddermis have pigment layer, the skin of head, backside, tail handle andbody side have more pigment cells than abdomenl and the mentum.The skin in head, body side and tail handle also distribution theLateral-line hole and superficial neuromast.2. In this paper,stereomicroscope,microscope， scanning andtransmission electron microscopy were uesd to observe the distributionand structure of the lateral-line system in the adult Roughskin sculpin.Research shows that: the lateral-line system in Roughskin sculpin aresimilar with most bony fishes, are constituted by some canalneuromasts which are buried under the skin with a certain distributionand some superficial neuromasts which are exposed to the body. Thelateral-line system canals are round canals in Roughskin sculpin,whichburied in internal skin. Lateral-line canals are including head canals andtorso canals. Canal neuromast and superficial neuromasts which locatedin the back and head are constitute by the forepart lateral-line system,canal neuromast and superficial neuromasts which located in theboth side of the body and caudal peduncle are constituted by theposterior lateral-line system. Superficial neuromasts are appeared with asingle or fascicles along the head,back and two side of torso, near thenose, in front of dorsal fin base and torso lateral-line hole. Superficialneuromasts are constituted by mantle cells, supportive cells and sensorycells. supportive cells and mantle cells are constituted by the nofeeling outlying regions, sensory cells are constituted by feelingregions. On the sensory cellss have some cilia which have feelingfunction,the fascicled cilia prominent outside superficial neuromasts.Lateral-line canals are contact with outside environment by manylateral-line holes. The lateral-line canals in Roughskin sculpin aremainly by supraorbital canals,postorbital canals,commissuralcanals,mandibular canals, infraorbital canals,hyomandibular canals andbody side canals；which accord with the classic pattern "seven canalsmodel". In the lateral-line canals bottom have some canalneuromast.The canal neuromast are constituted by mantle cells andsupportive cells, did not find mantle cells.3. In order to discuss the skin structural differences between Yellow Rivergroup and luanhe river group Roughskin sculpin,we usedstereomicroscope,microscope and scanning electron microscopy (sem) technology to study the skin surface structure of different groups inRoughskin sculpin. The results of the study show that: in the head,back, body side and caudal peduncle skin surface have mang keratinizedspines in both male and female of the Yellow River group Roughskinsculpin, keratinized spines sharp, like some small thorn stretch out tosurface, keratinized spines are cutin content, outside wrapped around theepidermal cells; in the head, back, body side and caudal peduncle skinsurface have mang mound-like protuberances in both male and femaleluanhe river group Roughskin sculpin, and no sharp keratinized spines.The authors speculated that the keratinized spines may be a more cellsskin cutin derivatives-contact organ. The body surface differencebetween Luanhe river and the Yellow River group Roughskin sculpinis likely to Luanhe river and the Yellow River group are differentsubspecies or the body surface contact organ in luanhe river grouphaven’t developed to prominence cutin stage. In addition, differentliving environment can also lead to different groups present differentbody surface morphology.