| Rosa rugosa belong to rosaceae genus Rosa shrubs, is good landscape and water and soil conservation species, or spices, cosmetics, food, medicine industry important raw materials, has a high ornamental value and economic value. In recent years, the rose application promotion scale is expanding and the demand of nursery stock of rose is on the increase, but the rose lack of nursery stock has restricted the development and utilization of roses. What’s more, many excellent rose needs a great many varieties breeding. Cutting is the common method of the Rose asexual reproduction, have very good application prospects and popularize value. Although many scholars have had the rose cutting breeding research, but most research is not comprehensive and systematic. Researches involve only a few varieties, and many species, especially the new varieties, are less studied. Hormones, medium, season and many other factors that affect cutting survival rate have not been in-depth study. Especially the study of rose cuttings rooting anatomy and rooting process has not yet been reported.In order to find the cutting method having highest survival rate and ascertain the rooting process for efficient large-scale breeding rose to meet the needs of virescence, in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, we intercepted branches, then treated bran ches with different concentrations of hormones, from five rose varieties of’Muping’,’Hunchun’’Tang red’,’Yipinziyi’and’Purple branch’for cuttings in a variety of me diums. Factors affecting the survival rate, such as hormone type, hormone concentratio n, processing time, matrix type and cutting month have been studied. And we have di scussed the occurrence position and the growth process of adventitious root thoroughly in anatomy. The results were listed as follows:(1) Incubate root primordiums have not been found in rose stem. Adventitious roots de rive from induced root primordiums. The induced root primordium originates from the phloem parenchyma.(2) Rose cuttings adventitious root formation process is as follows:phloem parenchyma differentiate meristematic tissue cell group (the original root cells or root primordi a originated cells), and this meristematic tissue cell group develop into root primor dium. Then root primordiums constantly divide and differentiate to produce vascula r tissue and connected with the original vascular tissue in the elongation process t o break through the stem epidermis to form adventitious roots that have complete structure and function.(3) Callus and adventitious root formation has a close relationship, but excessive callus can inhibit the growth of adventitious root.(4) The development of rose cuttings adventitious roots composed of epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder is exarch. When the endodermis cell produces the Casparian strips, the differentiation of primary xylem and the primary phloem has not compl eted. The order of complete differentiation of adventitious root components is:epid ermis first, then cortex, vascular cylinder last.(5) We have studied the influence of hormone treatment on the rooting rate of softwo od rose cutting with the3level4factors orthogonal design. Results show that Co mbination of the highest rooting rate is50mg·L-1ABTl+1h; rooting rate of this t reatment91.1%increases8.9%than that of the control group82.2%.(6) In the softwood cutting, rooting rates of hormone concentration are very significant difference (p<0.01). Rooting rates of hormone type are significant difference (exc ept’Tang red’). Rooting rates of processing time are significant difference (except ’Hunchun’and’Yipinziyi’). The order of affection degree of factors on rooting rat e is:hormone concentration>hormone type> processing time (except’Tang red’). On the whole, the order of rose rooting rate of levels of hormone type and horm one concentration is:ABT1>IBA>NAA、50mg·L-1>200mg·L-1>500mg·L-1. There is no obvious regularity of rooting rates of immersion time levels.(7) Cutting rose softwood in sand, vermiculite, perlite,1/3sand+1/3vermiculite+1/3perlite,1/2sand+1/2vermicule,1/2sand+1/2perlite,1/2vermiculite+1/2perlite. The results sho w that rooting rates in the mixed medium are higher than that in the pure mediu m. For the pure medium,5rose varieties have highest rooting rate in the vermicul ite, second in the perlite, lowest in the sand. For the mixed medium,5rose variet ies have highest rooting rate in different mediums.(8) Rooting rates of hardwood cutting are not much difference between March and No vember (expet’Purple branch’and’Muping’).Rooting rates are not much difference be tween land and greenhouse (expet’Purple branch’and’Muping’).Rooting rates of soft wood cutting are not much difference between Jun and September. Rooting rate of ’Purple branch’is the highest, and significantly higher than that of’Tang red’’Hunchun’、’Muping’、’Yipinziyi’(9) Rooting rate of softwood cutting with intermittent spray is much higher than that of hardwood cutting in the heliogreenhouse and small plastic shed. The suitable cu tting time of softwood cutting is June to September. It takes about40days before transplanting. Survival rate of hardwood cuttings is not high and rooting will take about two months. Softwood cutting with intermittent spray is the better way to r apid vegetative propagation of roses. |
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