Niubeiliang Nature Reserve Soil Characteristics Research

The Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve in the Qinling segment across the Chang’an, Ningshan the Zhashui three counties, a total area of16,849.1hectares, is an important water conservation in Xi’an and Southern Shaanxi, As China’s only protection of the national grade I to protect animal takin and their habitat-based forest and wildlife, National Nature Reserve. It was created Qinling Nature Reserve group eastward extension of90km, has a very important strategic significance to strengthen the comprehensive protection of the Qinling biodiversity.Soil fertility is a prerequisite for healthy growth of the forest vegetation, soil fertility is generally include physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties of three. Soil physics mainly refers to the soil water and heat conditions, the indicator of the total soil porosity, mechanical composition, soil chemical properties, mainly refers to the soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient elements, the biological properties of soil microbial distribution and soil all kinds of activity. Soil enzymes from microbial activity, plant root exudates, and animal and plant residues decomposing enzyme release process, an important biological indicator for the characterization of soil material, the degree of energy metabolism and soil quality levels. Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve, soil characteristics to explore the results are as follows:1) Niubeiliang Nature Reserve forest vegetation types on soil pH and organic matter content is not significant, coniferous forest soil contains more hydrogen ions than the broad-leaved forest soil, soil organic matter is more concentrated in the A layer of soil, and significantly reduced with increasing soil depth.(2) Nature Reserve Niubeiliang vertical soil level, the study of forest litterfall decomposition layer of soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity higher than the topsoil. Litter decomposition process is a process of nutrient accumulation, the table Poly effect". An active role in the normal operation of the protection of the litter layer of forest ecosystems.(3) soil fertility in the altitude range of Niubeiliang Nature Reserve Variation of analytical results:1300-1700m elevation within the soil fertility spatial variation law as follows:all P> organic matter> alkaline hydrolysis N> available K> full K> CEC> N> soil pH> soil pH> available P values. Variation of1700-1900m above sea level within the soil fertility:available P> available K> alkali N cation exchange capacity, organic matter, soil pH> total K> total N> P.1900-2100m elevation range of soil fertility and Revegetation: available K all P> alkaline hydrolysis N> CEC>organic matter> total N> K, soil pH> available P. Variation of soil fertility in the2100-2650m above sea level range:available K> full P> organic matter> alkali N cation exchange capacity, soil pH, total N> K,> available P.(4) conventional analysis showed that soil phosphatase Niubeiliang Nature Reserve with increasing altitude, the enzyme activity is slightly enhanced, and at the same altitude range, with increasing soil depth, the activity decreased; statistical analysis found that only surface soil phosphatase activity between the different altitudes, a significant difference between the other layers of the differences were not significant; the north slope of Qinling soil O, A layer of phosphatase activity is higher than the southern slope.(5) the routine analysis of soil invertase activity within the study area is greater than at high altitudes to lower altitudes, and the profiles of the same sampling point, from top to bottom, the invertase activity in turn weakened; statistical analysis, O, A layer with elevation height increases and some showing significant differences, B, C layer activity at different elevations on the difference; the southern slope of invertase activity to be higher than the North Slope.(6) Soil catalase activity was on the altitude distribution of the "V" shaped, with a high degree of increase in enzyme activity first decreased and then increased to predict cyclical changes on a larger altitude range; at the section level, enzyme activity O layer A layer> B layer> C layer; statistical analysis showed that the same level, there was no significant difference between the different altitude range; different slope up the southern slope of the catalase activity is higher than the North Slope.Soil enzyme activities to a large extent.(7) soil fertility levels, the two very closely related to organic matter, total P, alkali solution N and alkaline phosphatase showed a significant or very significant, sucrase, and all fertility factors were not significant, it also suggests that alkaline phosphatase has a high sensitivity in reflecting the situation of soil fertility. Invertase may be relatively slow performance in the characterization of soil fertility levels.