Study On The Water And Fertilizer Management Mode Of High-Yield And High-Efficiency For Millet

Millet is the most important grain crops in Shanxi Province, acreage and total production are the country’s leading. Due to water scarcity and low soil fertility, extensive management pattern, unreasonable investment and laggard farming technology,it is made the overall level was still low in shanxi province.Because of the problems in the millet planting, there are large of research results shows that, reasonable regulation of fertilizers and liquid manure to ensure a stable grain production is an important way to improve the production and to ensure sustainable development of dry-land agriculture. But there are fewer reports about planting and fertilizing management techniques. In this study, millet was taken as the research object and high yield as a precondition when new planting and fertilizing management techniques were applied to improve the water and fertilizer use efficiencies of millet. The results of the study will provide a scientific basis for and lend theoretical support to the improvement of the fertility of lands in Shanxi Province.The experimental field was located in Zong’ai Town, Shouyang County, Shanxi Province. The soil type of the field is cinnamon soil. A variety of water and fertilizer management modes for millet were designed in plots of different fertility, and the growth and development patterns of millet in these modes were investigated to screen and integrate a high-yield and high-efficiency water and fertilizer management mode for millet on typical dry land. Eventually the mode was verified.The preliminary conclusions are as follows:(1) Millet growth and development pattern in different planting modesIt is slowly in early stage of millet growth, the accumulation of biomass accounted for only about10%of the final biomass, when the growth into the exuberant stage after entering the jointing stage, it produced90%of the biomass in40%of the total growth period. For the same treatment under the condition of equal local conventional precipitation. Grain yield of Treatment5, which was film-mulched, was significantly higher than those of other fertilization levels, and reach a highest production of377.49kg/667m2and269.11kg/667m2, respectively, an increase of58.15%and24.65%and the benefit increase of300.3yuan/667m2and215.56yuan/667m2in comparison with the production using local conventional farming practices.(2) Water and fertilizer use patterns of millet in different cultivating patternsIn terms of the total uptake, the high-yield millet up took3.0-3.5kg of N, lkg of P and3kg of K to produce100kg of grains. With the different water supply and environmental nutrients conditions, the relative absorption ratios in different growth stages were similar. The most absorption of nitrogen is between the jointing stage to the booting stage. Potassium and phosphorus is increased after the jointing stage.There was a reaction in the effect of chemical fertilizers on the improvement of crop yield and WUE. Rainfall during the growth period of spring millet in this study was comparable to the average level over the years (the precipitation during the growth period was354.7mm). The WUE reached their peaks at13.1kg/(mm· hm2in) and21.1kg/(mm· hm2in) respectively when N fertilizer was applied at the level of150kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2and90kg/hm2K2O, representing increases by71.5%and37.7%as compared to the yield and WUE when using the local conventional farming practices.(3) Application of the screened modeSimilar modes were tested in of Qinxian County and Huguan County, Shanxi in2011. The results showed that the millet yield underwent a significant increase using this mode of cultivation. In Qinxian, a highest yield of452.31kg/667m2was found, which demonstrated a substantial increase by56.04%as compared to a yield of289.87kg/667m2produced by the local conventional farming practice, the income are increased655.89yuan. In Huguan, a highest yield of438.74kg/667m2was obtained, which represented a substantial increase by22.31%as compared to a yield of358.70kg/667m2produced by the local conventional farming practice, the income are increase d377yuan.Due to the shorter time on project, it is not clear about the technical mechanism and the effect in different regions of the cropping pattern by the experiment. So some of the conclusions require further explanation. Further study is needed for the high-yield cultivation of millet in different regions with various soil water conditions.