| Dimocarpus longana Lour.cv.Shixia and grape cv.wink were takeb as tested materials to study the effects of chemical and physical methods on the harvest season regulation of Longan ang grape. In the first experiment, of studying the effects of potassium chlorate on the off-season flower bud formation of longan, longan trees were treated with the chemical of750g/plant with means of soil drenching and trunk-siphon transfusion to study the effect of different methods on the leaf nitrate reductase activity, nitrate content, carbohydrate, C/N, nutrient elements and active oxygen metabolism. In the2nd experiment, tMeanwhile studying the effect of forcing winter buds and summer buds to regrow into secondary shoots to induce second flowering and produce second crops was investigated.The results showed as follows:1. Flower panicals of Shixia trees treated with potassium chlorate by means of trunk-siphon transfusion appeared5days earlied than those of trees treated by means of soil dreaching. And3time periods of panicals emerging. The first time period for panicals emerging came40days after treatment, the second94days after treatment and the third142days after treatment. The ratios of flowering shoots to vegetable shoots for the3periods were27.73%,14.28%and13.40%respectively.2. Shixia trees treated with potassium chlorate by means of soil-drenching produced the first flowers45days after treatment and the second flowering period apeared145days after treatment., The ratios of flowering shoots to vegetable shoots for the2periods were16.85%and42.30%respectively.3. Bearing shoots of in-season Wink grape were pinched just before the in-season flowewring(on15th of June). The second growth of summer shoot produced flower panicals7days after treatment with very high fruitting rate. Fruits on the second growth of summer buds matured on25th of October,35days later than in-season fruits.matures fruits could be kept on the trees40-50days and harvested on15th of December,80days later than in-season fruits. Everage fruit panical weight of second crops was557g with the maximum of935g. 4. In-season bearing vines of wink grape were pinched before blooming(15th of June), remaining the top bud for7-10days in order to promote winter flower bud differentiation. The percentage of flowering of winter flower bud was5.44%, indicating that forcing the winter flower bud to produce second crop is not an appropriate way for wink grape harvesting season regulation.5. Nitrate reductase activity, the content of nitrate, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, the ratio of C/N, total phosphorus in leaf increased in the period of wink grape flower bud physiology differentiation, and reduced in the the period of flower bud morphological differentiation. Total nitrogen, starch, non-soluble protein, total magnesium reduced in the period of wink grape flower bud physiology differentiation, and increased in the the period of flower bud morphological differentiation. Total potassium, total calcium and total chlorine content increased after the potassium chlorate treatment, but it was not regular in the the period of flower bud differentiation.6. The content of MDA, SOD and POD increased significantly after the treatment of potassium chlorate, indicating that potassium chlorate could cause cytoplasma membrane peroxidating. The content of potassium chlorate reduced associated with the content of MDA, SOD and POD reduced significantly.7. During the blossom time with different treatment, the reduce speed of nitrate reductase activity and nitrate content with potassium chlorate by means of trunk-siphon transfusion was less than by means of soil dreaching, and the max content of soluble sugar with potassium chlorate by means of trunk-siphon transfusion was higher than by means of soil dreaching. The content of soluble protein in leaf40days later with potassium chlorate by means of trunk-siphon transfusion was4.92%higher than by means of soil dreaching, the increase speed of SOD, POD and MDA content was faster than by means of soil dreaching.8. Weight/100fruits, fruit width, fruit length, total sugar, sugar/acid, soluble solids and Vc of fuits the first and second crops fertilized with cattle dung inoculating with earthworms were higher than the treatment of fertilized with cattle dung only and CK, but the content of acid was lower. Weight/100fruits, fruit width, fruit length, total sugar, sugar/acid, soluble solids and Vc of fuits of the second crops were less than fruits of the first crop.9. The pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in the orchard soil fertilized with cattle dung inoculating with earthworms were higher than that of treatment of fertilizing with cattle dung only and ck. in November2011, and the pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content were22.92%.16.59%.18.66%.81.85%.29.65%.42.92%.13.76%higher than that of ck. The pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in the orchard soil in November were less than that in September, and the content of pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil fertilized with cattle dung inoculating with earthworms was the highest. |
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