Effects Of No-tillage With Straw Cover On The Yield, Quality And The Change Of Quality Index During The Storage Of Potato

The experiment consists of two parts:In the field experiment, to study the mechanism of no-tillage with straw cover of potato growth and fertility in depth based on the previous studies:this experiment conducted with2treaments (No-tillage with8cm rice straw covered and traditional farming), the potato seed selected was Favorita, and designed with randomized block of three replications. The storage experiment mainly studied about the quality characteristics of different cultivation potatoes under the sickersides and non-sickercides during the storage:this experiment conducted with4treatments:①Traditional farming potatoes with the chlorpropham thermal aerosols0.035ml/kg,②Traditional farming potatoes with water as CK,③No-tillage potatoes with the chlorpropham thermal aerosols0.035ml/kg,④No-tillage potatoes with water as CK, and designed with randomized block of three replications. The results were as follows:1. The impact on growth(1) The period between the seeding and emergence, There’s no significant difference between two treatments about potato root growth, and the root fresh weight of NT even higher than TF in the early stage. The bud length of NT was higher than the TF, and it’s significant differences in the level of0.01. Although the rate of emergence of NT was significantly lower than TF, the TF root distribution in a deep and heavy clay soil, the bad growth environment lead to lay of root dry matter accumulation, the differences was significantly compare to NT.(2) No-tillage with straw cover had different degrees of impact on the chlorophyll content, root activity, nitrate reductase activity and amylase activity of potato plant. Four physiological characteristics of indicators were in general conformity with the previous low-high-low trend. The formation of different changes due to different light temperature, water, fertilizer, gas and other factors of different fanning methods Overall, the CF potato plants were premature aging, the NT physiological indicators were superior to CF,(3) The total sugar and reducing sugar content of no-tillage with straw cover potato tuber did not change significant, while the content of dry matter, protein content and starch content had been varying degrees impacted. The total sugar and reducing sugar showed an downward trend over growth period both of the treatments, while the dry matter content and starch content showed an upward trend, the trend of the protein content were different between the two treatment. The no-tillage straw cover increasing amount of dry matter and protein content in the late stage, and significant differences at harvest. At the early time of producing tubers, the NT’s starch content was significant lower than the CF’s, but the following period, the NT accumulated more strarch than CF, at harvest, no significant differences of two treatments.(4) No-tillage with straw cover not only could increase the big tuber rate and the weigh of potatoes per plant, but also could reduce the small tuber rate. Though the green tuber rate was higher than CF, the no-tillage commodity rate was higher than CF’s significantly.No-tillage with straw cover could increase the yield of potato significantly with the NT was91.64%higher than CF, and the significant differences in the level0.01.2. The storage effect.(1) The status of germination.Under the non-sickercides condition, NT’s potato was significantly higher than CF’s in the terminal bud and total bud germination rate, reached the0.05level.Under the chlorpropham thermal sprout inhibition agent, the germination rate of terminal bud of NT’s potato was significantly higher than CF’s in the120days, but in60and90days, the differences were not obvious between two treatments. And there’s no differences between the two treatments in the rate of total bud germination. (2) Impact of quality.Under the non-sickercides condition, the content of dry matter, reducing sugar and protein show that NT’s potato was significantly higher than CF’s, and there’s differences between the two treatments about the content of total sugar and starch. The content of vitamin C of NT’s potato was significantly higher than CF’s.Under the chlorpropham thermal sprout inhibition agent, beside the content of vitamin C was NT’s significantly higher than CF’s, significant differences in the level of0.01, the left index of qualities show that there’re no differences between the two treatments.3. The impact on soil condition(1) The impact of soil temperature and humidity. In the soil test, NT treatment can effectively ensure the potato plant grow in a suitable soil environment with stable temperature and humidity, and prevent the adverse environment effects on the potato:the straw cover can reduced solar radiation effectively, it could slow down the soil temperature rises too fast and ruduced the evaporation on the days with high temperatures, and it played the effect of thermal insulation on the cold days. In the rainy day, the straw cover avoid the rain erosion on the soil surface and the loss of soil mutrient.(2) The impact of soil microbials. The number of soil microbials was different: no-tillage with straw cover can significantly improve the soil microbial quantity, especially on the0～10cm soil layer, the NT was higher than CF in the numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.(3) The impact on soil physical and chemical properties. NT increased the content of soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. In the late stage of potato growth, it provided sufficient nutrients even in the late stage of potato growth, helped to the potato growth.