The Mechanization Mode Of Rice Cultivation In The Hills And Mountains Of Southern China

In the hills and mountains of southern China, rice’s planting area is the largest, it’s area reached19709.59Khm2, accounting for66.53%of the national total area. Due to the poor endowment of land,farmer’s low-income, lack of suitable farm machinery and so on, the mechanization of rice cultivation isin a low level, the comprehensive farming mechanization rate is46.79%,15.72%lower than thenational average. The mechanization rate of tillage is76.64%,10.63%lower than the national average.The mechanization rate of harvest is48.10%,16.39%lower than the national average. Themechanization rate of growing is only7.53%,13.51%lower than the national average, and the pace ofdevelopment is too slow. Clearly, increasing research efforts on the rice mechanization technology in thehills and mountains of southern China to promote the development of mechanization is of greatsignificance. Our survey found that the biggest Restricting factors of rice mechanization south hills andmountains biggest factor is the large height of drop and small width of the land, that equipment is hardto transfer cross-field. Therefore, we established a mechanical model of equipments transferingcross-field, and respectively measured the relationship between the technical parameters of differenttillers, transplanters, harvesters and height of drop and width of the land. The conclusion is as follows:micro-tillers can work in the land whose height of drop is less than1.7m, but the weight should decreasewith the height of drop increase, other tillers can be selected to work in land with height of drop lowerthan0.45m. Riding transplanter should work in flat farmland with complete farm track,hand-transplanter should transfer through the bridging, line2, line4, line6hand-transplanter suit to theslope of70°,33°,25°. Riding wheeled combine harvesters suit to the slope of21o, and crawler combineharvesters suit to the slope of37o, the slope suit for Hand combine harvesters should change withweight, such as4LZ-0.8of45°,4LZ-0.3of48°. Then we calculate the width of lands, according to theoverall size of specific machine calculate the width of the plots.On the basis of survey at Shangbao Chongyi, Jiangxi, We analyze it’s land condition, laborstructure, cropping systems, farmers’ income, as well as the development status of rice mechanization.Found that the level of rice mechanization is very low in the village, especially planting aspects,mechanical planting area is only4hm2, the mechanization rate is only3.72%, and structure ofequipment maitain is irrational, efficiency of mechanization is poor. Therefore, I use the equipmentselection program select applicable equipment for Shangbao, Then, using the linear programming,calculated the best equipped number of flat land:4sets of12kW hand-tractors and the supporting1GS11-100rotary tillers,3sets of2ZS-6hand-transplanters,5sets of4LD-130crawler ful-feedingcombine harvesters.The best equipped number of terraces:9sets of1Z-31tiller,6sets of PS-15hand-transplanter, harvested by hand. In accordance with the above equipped program, the incomewould up to14425.5yuan/hm2, so farmers’ income will be significantly improved.