Effect Of Dietary Ribolfavin Levels On Production Performance And Antioxidation Of Beijing Ducks From1to21Days Of Age

Four experiments were conducted in our study to evaluate the effects of dietary riboflavin levels ongrowth performance, plasma and liver riboflavin concentration, plasma antioxidant indexes, hormonesecretion of Beijing ducks, to determine riboflavin requirement of Beijing ducks; to study the effect ofrepletion of riboflavin-depleted ducks with riboflavin on growth performance, plasma and liverriboflavin concentration of ducks; to assay riboflavin concentration in tissues of1-d-old ducks andduck’s egg. Our objective was to provide an experimental support in meat duck production.The experiment1was conducted to evaluate effect of dietary riboflavin levels on growth ofdifferent sexual Beijing ducks aged from1to21days fed semi-puried diet. A2×9factorial experimentcontaining two sex kinds (male and female) and nine dietary riboflavin levels (1.2,3.2,5.2,7.2,9.2,11.2,13.2,15.2and41.2mg/kg) was conducted; Totally360one-day-old male Peking ducks and360one-day-old female Peking ducks were randomly divided into9groups sexed separately, with5replicates in each group and8ducks in each replicate. The results showed that: sex significantlyaffected average daily weight gain(ADG), feed/gain(F/G), breast meat rate and liver riboflavin (P<0.05)but not average daily feed intake(ADFI), leg meat rate, abdominal fat rate, plasma riboflavin, MDA,SOD, ALT, AST and LDH (P>0.05); dietary riboflavin significantly affected ADG, ADFI, F/G, breastmeat rate, leg meat rate, abdominal fat rate,thymus index, plasma and liver riboflavin, plasma MDA,SOD, ALT, AST and LDH (P<0.05). During the starter period from1to21days of age, the riboflavinrequirements of White Pekin duklings for ADG, ADFI, F/G, plasma and liver riboflavin were3.19～5.20mg/kg by broken line models with linear analysis,3.19～7.15mg/kg by broken line models withquadratic analysis,9.75～11.17mg/kg by quadratic analysis, respectively. The riboflavin requiements ofmale ducks were a litter higer than that of female ducks.The experiment2was conducted to evaluate effect of dietary riboflavin levels on growth of Beijingducks aged from1to21days fed corn-soybean diet. Using a single factor completely randomize design,a totally of512one-day-old male Peking ducks were randomly divided into8groups with8replicatesin each group and8ducks in each replicate. Eight groups were fed eight dietary riboflavin levels (1.69、2.39、3.09、3.79、4.49、5.19、8.69、15.69mg/kg) diet respectively. The results showed that: dietaryriboflavin levels significant affected average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gainof Beijing ducks from1to21days of age (P<0.05); dietary riboflavin levels significant affected breastmeat rate, leg meat rate, abdominal fat rate of Beijing ducks (P<0.05); dietary riboflavin levelssignificant affected MDA and SOD in plasma and liver of Beijing ducks (P<0.05); dietary riboflavinlevels significant affected plasma T3and GH content of Beijing ducks (P<0.05).The experiment3was followed by the experiment2. This experiment was conducted to evaluateeffects of repletion of riboflavin-depleted ducks with corn-soybean based diet supplemented withriboflavin. And this experiment was also evaluate the effects of fed with riboflavin-deficiency diet ongrowth performance, plasma and liver riboflavin concentration, plasma antioxidant indexes of Beijing ducks aged from22to33days. The riboflavin-depleted ducks came from the experiment2which fedwith riboflavin-deficiency diet from1to21days of age. At22d of age, the riboflavin-depleted duckswere allocated to two dietary groups, one group were fed riboflavin deficient diet(groupⅠ), the othergroup were fed control diet supplemented with7mg riboflavin/kg (group Ⅱ). While, the group fromthe experiment2which fed with control diet supplemented with7mg riboflavin/kg from1to21days ofage was divided into two dietary groups. One group were fed riboflavin deficient diet(group Ⅲ), theother group were fed control diet supplemented with7mg riboflavin/kg (group Ⅳ). Each groupcontaining5replicate pens with4birds per pen, and these birds were raised from d22to d33.Compared to groupⅠ, finally weight, ADG, ADFI, breast meat rate, abdominal fat rate, plasma andliver riboflavin concentration of ducks in group Ⅱ were significant improved(P<0.05), and F/G wasreduced as a trend(P<0.1). Compared to group Ⅳ, ADFI of ducks in group Ⅲ was significant increase,plasma and liver riboflavin concentration were significant decreased, but finally weight, ADG, F/G,breast meat rate, leg meat rate, abdominal fat rate of the ducks in two groups have no significantdifference.The experiment4was to assay riboflavin concentration in tissues of1-d-old ducks and duck’s egg.The results showed that: riboflavin concentration in liver was significant higher than that of heart andyolk sac(P<0.05), and riboflavin concentration in heart was significant higher than that of yolksac(P<0.05); yolk riboflavin was much than egg white.In conclution, the growth depression, high mortality, neck-tighten, paralysis, poor feather,diarrhea, foot pad dermatitis were observed in riboflavin-deficient ducklings. According to the quadraticregression analysis, the riboflavin requirement of starter ducklings from1to21days of age for optimalgrowth performance was10.59mg/kg. Riboflavin-deficient caused duck’s liver damage, with theincrease of plasma AST、ALT、LDH activity. While, riboflavin-deficient caused oxidative damage, withthe increase of lipid peroxide and decrease of SOD activity. Tissue riboflavin was a useful biomarker forriboflavin status and the riboflavin in plasma or liver responded strongly to riboflavin supplementation.