| Eggplant anther culture is an important way to gain haploid plants. It can be used to shorten breeding periods and produce homozygote efficiently. This experiment observed the anatomical structure of eggplant bud, and obtained the corresponding relations of pollen developmental stages and external morphological characteristics. The material is the flower bud of 12 eggplant materials.The factors that influence anther induction were investigated, such as genotype, the species and concentration of plant growth regulators, inoculum density, concentration of activated carbon and sampling time. Technique of One-step-seedling formation from anther culture of eggplant was established in vitro. It was a foundation for the applied research of eggplant anther culture. The results are as followed:1 The corresponding relations between external morphology and pollen developmental stages were observed by paraffin section. The bud external morphological signs of uninucleate stage was that the corolla was 1～2mm lower or higher than the base of the sepals gap, the color of the anther was yellow-green.2 The results of different eggplant anther cultured in different media were different, including embryo formation rates and survival rate. The genotype H1,H149-1 got regenerated plants through both ways of embryoids and organogenesis. The genotype H2 and H49-1 only got regenerated plants through embryoid way.3 By studing on callus induction and differentiation,the result shows the suitable plant growth regulators for callus induction is0.01mg·L-12,4-D+2mg·L-1KT +lmg·L-1BA+0.5mg·L-1NAA, for bud differentiation is 2mg·L-1KT,and for root induction is 0～0.1mg·L-1NAA.4 By studing on the factors of embryoids induction,such as plant growth regulators, activated carbon,the result shows that 2mg·L-1KT is suitable for embryoids induction,the best concentration of activated carbon is 0.1 g·L-1,and the best inoculation density is 15 anthers/plate.5 Ploidy of regenerating plantlets from callus way and embryoid pathway were compared. The proportion of haploid plant in all regenerating plantlets from embryoid pathway was 100%, but in the subculture the embryoid may dedifferentiate again. Regenerating plantlets from this method had 40% of the haploid plants. While the proportion of haploid plant from callus way was 25%, By comparing the induction time between callus and one-step-seedling formation method,it showed that it was more efficient by using one-step-seedling formation operation. Transplanting seedlings could be obtained in 70～80 days.While the seedling rate was higher and a large number of haploid plants could be obtained through propagating. Therefore, the technique of one-step-seedling formation was more conducive to production than callus method.6 One-step-seedling formation from anther culture of eggplant was found.The uninucleate stage buds were choosed to pretreat in 4℃for one day. Anthers were inoculated as 15 anthers per plate on the MS medium with 2mg·L-1KT,3%sucrose and 7g·L-1 agar. Anthers were heat-shocked at 36℃for 6 days, then cultured in the light condition. Embryoids will appear after 35 days. After 45 days, seedlings with roots, stems and leaves can be transferred into the same medium to further culture. The plastic films should be uncovered gradually when the shoot length come to the bottle neck. Complete embryo plant could be gotten in a single operation with high seedling rate. It is convenient for application. |
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