Soil And Crop Nutrient Characters In The Rotation System Of Wheat And Maize Under The Different Management Pattern

This research was conducted under the straw mulching condition, happened in piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province, Set up different cultivation and management mode （Farmers used to plant plan, hereinafter referred to as farmers habit; B,?The local department of agriculture optimization scheme, hereinafter referred to as the model B; C,?In B processing basis for high yield, improve soil productivity again scheme, hereinafter referred to as the model C;?D,High yield, high efficiency, reduce the again, and environment friendly integration solutions, hereinafter referred to as the model D） ,wheat maize rotation system were used as the research object, set different high yield cultivation and management mode, attacking survey and key crop growth period multilayer sampling method were used to analytical wheat maize dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption law under the high yield condition, discuss nutrient characteristics of soil - crop system, clear the effects that different cultivation patterns on soil nutrients and quality, high yield cultivation of preliminary were tracked and its environmental effects were research, high yield and high efficiency cultivation measures to the farmer level verification were conducted, wheat - maize high yield, high efficiency and environment friendly way were explored, in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for guarantee the grain production of Hebei Province and improve resource utilization rate. The main results were as followed:（1） Compared with tradition cultivates mode, 3 kinds of high yielding cultivation and management mode of B, C, D all made the wheat corn crop biomass and yield greatly improved, patterns of C, D increased more, under the pattern of D, the yield of winter wheat average increased about 20%, summer corn improved about 23%; In the yield components, winter wheat yield close related with panicle number, also had a correlation with1000-grain weight and grain number per spike, summer maize yield significant related with 1000-grain weight, also correlation with the effective panicle number.Compared with traditional cultivation mode farmers, model B, C, D crop dry matter accumulation quantity are different improves, and mode C, D performances, in 2011 winter wheat maturity model C, D dry matter accumulation respectively as high as 24418 kg/hm², 22240 kg/hm², summer corn maturity model C, D dry matter accumulation respectively as high as 18210 kg/hm², 19250 kg/hm². Model B, C, D n, p, k nutrient accumulation is the traditional mode farmers increased and the still to pattern C, D changes greatly, and in the flower show higher after the accumulation, especially the accumulation of potassium; Crop nutrient absorption rate at the plant in mode D highest performance; D cultivation management mode to crop nutrient absorption and promote accumulation effect is obvious.（2） Dry matter accumulation quantity of model B, C, D crop was higher than traditional cultivation mode farmers, mode C, D were most significantly. In 2011,dry matter accumulation quantity of model C, D of winter wheat already reached 24418 , 22240 kg/hm², respectively, dry matter accumulation quantity of model C, D of summer corn already reached 18210, 19250 kg/hm² respectively; N, P, K nutrient accumulation of Model B, C, D more than the traditional mode farmers,mode C, D were most significantly also, and the higher accumulation appeared in the flower, especially the accumulation of potassium;Crop nutrient absorption rate of mode D was the most in autumn,D cultivation management mode to promote crop nutrient absorption and promote accumulation effect is obviously.（3） Through different cultivation management model years crop rotation breed, under farmers traditional model , the soil nutrient depletion is serious than at the beginning; Mode B only showed the accumulation of available K nutrients,organic matter not increased,available soil phosphorus exhaustion seriously ,the average concentration of effective phosphorus during the fourth rotation season was 8.9 mg/kg,show useless of soil nutrient and recycling. Soil nutrient of Mode C, D was improved,the concentration of effective phosphorus during the fourth rotation season were 36.3 ,16.7 mg/kg, respectively, the concentration of Organic matter reached 16.9 16.4 g/kg, respectively. effective k nutrient of soil tillage layer of mode D improved most significantly. Four modes in the fourth rotation season performance D < B < C < A trend, Mode D rotation gradually enhanced with the fixed number of year, showed 84 mg/kg of the first rotation season rised to 108 mg/kg of the fourth rotation season;Mode C, D have a positive effect of sustainable land use ,the input of mode D was less than mode C, fertility still can be improved, so the fine cultivation measures of mode D Play a greater role for soil nutrient and soil the sustainable utilization .（4） Through four croprotation rotation, soil NO3--N down drench shift phenomenon obviously, wheat season showed accumulation ,corn season showed leaching ,each treatment performanced accumulation in 140 cm-160 cm soil,the accumulation value of mode A,B,C,D were 58.65、28.98、105.89、45.29 mg/kg,respectively. The NO3--N of each soil horizon keep higher content, performanced leaching trend obviously. Soil NO3--N content of mode D l is low by integral level. The total accumulative amount of Soil NO3--N content of mode ABCD in 0-400 cm soil horizon reached 724.27, 711.92, 1324.30, 730.70 kg/hm², respectively.The cultivation patterns of mode D can reduce soil NO3--N residue better ,in the certain degree can relieve pressure on the environment effectively. （5） Farmers come to pass demonstration showed, summer corn yields of the optimizing cultivation management of mode D are higher than the farmers used to plant, the difference yield value of two models minimum is 878 kg/hm² and maximum is 3142 kg/hm². soil NO₃--N residues were less than farmers used to plant, Initial implementation the peasant household level high yield and high efficiency and environment friendly, then not promotion in Large areas of farmland, required continue to study.