Evacuation Study Of Apassenger Ship Based On IMO Guidelines

In modern society, with the frequent use of the large-scale transport and more international exchanges, large crowds gathering in the public transport is a common issue. Huge shipwrecks happen very often. Ship emergency technology is continuously improved. But even in the21st century, there are large numbers of people die in shipwrecks every year. Shipwrecks swallow human life, damage the production and civil order of each country in the world, and even threaten national security. Through the analysis of the shipwrecks, it can be concluded that such accidents are not entirely caused by the less advanced hardware facilities on ships, but people’s deficient knowledge of the accident. The efficiency of passenger evacuation, the identification and solving problems in evacuations plays a very important role in improving the survival rate in escapes in such accidents.In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (referred to as the IMO) has released a series of guidelines to regulate the detailed specification of passenger ships, and standardized the calculation method of evacuation. For example, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (referred to as SOLAS) regulating the ship construction, mechanical and electric equipments, fire facilities, rescue equipment, communications, navigation safety, operational management and so on; and it also regulated the evacuation analysis method of the ro-ro passenger ship, new and existing passenger ships, high-speed passenger craft, and other types of ships. These guidelines regulated modeling condition and analysis method to further analyze human evacuation, and played a guiding role in non-ideal state evacuation on ships.There are similarities and differences between evacuation on ships and in ordinary buildings. The later has a great reference value when do research on the former. Many scholars researched the evacuation on ships based on the models of building evacuation by did some adjustments of the environment variables. Identifying the differences between the evacuation on ships and in buildings is necessary for further analyzing the special features of the ship evacuation, and searching for proper ways for evacuation particularly on ships. As one of the densest ships, passenger ships have a great research value in reducing casualties and protecting human life.Based on IMO guidelines, this paper chose a widespread-used passenger ship as observation object, and collects evacuation data on it, and then used an approach of a ferry to do non-ideal evacuation test under simulating situation, based on which a conclusion of what factors effect evacuation and how they effect it was been given, which provided supports to improve the existing commonly used evacuation models and make it proper for the ship evacuation. Based on the data obtained from the actual observation, a passenger ship simulation had been run in VIS SIM which is a software based on social force model, while the actual observation data could be the foundation to improve the model, and comparing the simulating results to the observation results, this paper analyzed the reason of the differences, and gave adjustment suggestions when using Social Forces model in passenger evacuation simulating.