| Marine oil spill accidents took place frequently that led to a large number of oil spilled into the ocean. When dealing with oil spill accidents with dispersant, a large area of the oil slick could be dispersed into small oil drops. But it would lead to the settlement of oil pollutant in the sea water, directly affecting the quality of water in middle and lower classes, and even settling into sediment, which would make potential hazards to the survival and reproduction of the benthic organisms. Therefore, researches about the composition changes of dealing with oil spill accidents with dispersant and the affection of oil pollutant on benthic organisms, could effectively assess the damage extent of the marine environment, and provide a reliable scientific basis for the formulation of the prevention measures of the petroleum hydrocarbons pollution, and present a useful reference for biological toxicity studies of the China’s petroleum hydrocarbon pollution.120#fuel oil was selected as test oil. The affection of different factors to the emulsifying efficiency of dispersant and the affection of the dosage of dispersant to the concentration and components of petroleum hydrocarbons in water were studied. Studies showed that soluble oil content in the emulsion would increase while the dosage of dispersant increased; emulsifying efficiency could be best while the dosage of dispersant was20%of the fuel oil quality; emulsifying efficiency would increase as the sea temperature rose; adding dispersant led to the increasing of the amount of dissolution of each component of the fuel oil in the sea water, especially the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.According to oil pollution simulation in laboratory, sea urchins were token7d,14d and21d exposure experiment with different concentrations of120#fuel oil dispersant and pollutants that was the emulsion treated by dispersant. By determining the concentration and composition of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sea urchin body tissues with GC/MS skill, we studied bioaccumulation extent of different petroleum hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, of the sea urchin. The study showed that the urchin body exposed in the emulsion content of various PAHs were higher than the sea urchins in the dispersion. The PAHs content in urchin body was increased and naphthalene,2-methylnaphthalene,1-methyl naphthalene, acenaphthene. fluorene, phenanthrene got high aromatics content as the concentration increased. Overall, the exposure in the120#fuel oil dispersant the concentration of PAHs and BCF difference in sea urchin was:21d>7d>14d; the PAHs differences in concentration and BCF in sea urchin exposed by dispersant after120#fuel oil emulsion was:7d>21d>14d. The results showed that bioaccumulation extent of sea urchin would increase while the all kinds of PAHs in120#fuel oil increased, especially low molecular weight PAHs dissolution, leading to increased toxicity of PAHs sea urchin. |
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