Synthesis And Study Of New Quaternary Ammonium Salt Surfactant Based On Cardanol

Cardanol, an abundant, cheap and easy to get natural biomass raw material, has large value of application and research, and cardanol derivative surfactants have advantages of green nontoxic, biodegradable etc. Quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is the most widely used type of cationic surfactants, which could be used as fungicide, fabric softener, antistatic agent and asphalt emulsifier. To combine the common advantages of cashew-based surfactants and quaternary ammonium salt surfactants, a novel cardanol based quaternary ammonium surfactant has been synthesized by cardanol as raw material in this paper.First, reactive intermediates-Epoxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) was prepared by trimethylamine (TMA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH), then the target product, new cardanol based quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, was obtained through quaternization of GTA and cardanol, the pure product was got by the method of recrystallization, characterized with FT-IR, MS and Elemental analysis. According to its structure feature, named it3-cashew phenol oxygen radical-2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, referred to as CHPTAC.The optimum process conditions for the synthesis of GTA were as follows:n (TMA):n(ECH)=2:5, reaction temperature was20℃, reaction time was4h, the yield of GTA was96.27%at theses conditions. Through the orthogonal experiments obtained the optimum reaction conditions of CHPTAC were as follows: n(GTA):n(cardanol)=1:1.2, reaction time was6h, reaction temperature was70℃, the yield of CHPTAC was about76.72%at the conditions.The basic properties of CHPTAC was studied, the Krafft point and HLB value were measured, micellization of CHPTAC in aqueous solution was studied by conductivity method, adsorption performance of CHPTAC in aqueous solution was studied by the surface tension method, and the results were as follows:The Krafft point of CHPTAC was less than0℃, the HLB value was lager than10; micellization of CHPTAC in aqueous solution was a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven process, the critical micelle concentration of CHPTAC increased with the rise of temperature; at25℃, the critical micelle concentration of CHPTAC was6.38×10-3mol·L-1by the surface tension method, the surface tension under critical micelle concentration was38.86mN·m-1, the surface excess was0.71×10-6mol·m-2.The density and viscosity of CHPTAC solution with different concentrations were measured under atmospheric pressure, the results were as follows:At same temperature, density and viscosity of CHPTAC aqueous solution increased with the increase of concentration, and under same concentration, density and viscosity decreased with the rise of temperature, the density and viscosity of CHPTAC solution with different concentrations were correlated by the VTF equation from293.15K to328.15K and then two fitting equations were obtained, compared the simulation values with the experiment values, the total standard deviation was0.184%.Finally, the properties of foaming, emulsification and solubilization properties of CHPTAC were studied. The experimental results showed that CHPTAC had good foaming characteristics and foam stability, good emulsifying capacity and solubilization.