Setup Of The Component Spectrum For Source Apportionment Of PM_2.5 In Urban Atmosphere

There are many pollutants in atmosphere, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,volatile organic compounds, atmospheric particulate matter and other. Atmosphericparticulate matter of different size particles is generated by the complex physical andchemical processes, it has become an important issue affecting human health. In thisone, inhalable particles matter refers to particulate matter that can enter the bodythrough the respiratory system. PM_2.5are the lungs particles refers to aerodynamicequivalent diameter not larger than2.5μm particulate matter, commonly referred fine.PM_2.5particulate matter. Pollution has become the most widely valued problem intoday’s society. Our country promulgated PM_2.5air quality standards in2012, andstarted to increase its control PM_2.5pollution, some cities have carried out the massconcentration, distribution characteristics, hazards and source apportionment studyaspects of work of PM_2.5in urban air., but little research in sources and receptorsspectrum of PM_2.5pollution.Source apportionment technology in today has been widely developed, amongthis, receptor modeling techniques have been widely used, the current domestic andforeign scientists have successfully developed more than10types of receptor models,including the chemical mass balance（CMB）, the principal component analysis （PCA）,factor analysis （FA）, multiple linear regression （MIR）, projection pursuit regression（PPR）. This paper will examine the characteristics of various the PM_2.5pollutionsources of ambient air in Changchun City, and study how to accurately establishambient air pollution sources component spectrum of PM_2.5, for the use of the sourceapportionment, to give full play to the CMB by advantages of the model, to ensurethat the introduction of a variety of PM_2.5atmospheric environmental protectionmeasures to be effective.This thesis is based on the regional characteristics of Changchun City, select thenine kinds of PM_2.5pollution sources, along with the characteristics research of eachPM_2.5pollution sources, and sample collection and mixing according to thecharacteristics of each source of pollution, then have chemical analysis on the samples,finally get component spectrum data. Here, the most important is collection ofsamples for each source of pollution and the mixed sample method, only correct and accurate sampling and mixing method to create a persuasive PM_2.5source componentspectrum.（1）Soil wind dust collection, the study take the people’s square of Changchuncity as the center of the circle, respectively make two concentric circles, and at thesame time from the center of circle draw to16wind direction the rays, the crossoverpoint of circle and rays are the sampling point. The same wind direction of sample canbe mixed, according to the Changchun city wind frequency, different directionsamples are mixed in the proportion, the mixed samples after resuspension are thefinal wind dust samples.（2）Urban comprehensive dust collection, the paper selected urban comprehensivedust is resident in the area for a long time, not to clean up the dust on the windowsill,selected five regional samples, respectively in chaoyang region, nanguan region,kuancheng region, erdao region, lvyuan region. After sampling, take the same regionmixed, then according to the proportion of economic development to every areas tomixed samples, after resuspension get the final samples.（3）Burning coal dust collection, according to the general situation of Changchunboiler, Changchun boiler can be divided into four types, and then choose typical boilerin each type according to the cumulative percentage of coal boiler in the boiler assample point. At the end of Sampling, mix the same type boiler, according to theproportion of coal burning amount of the four types. Different types of sample can bemixed with the proportion, after resuspension get final burning coal dust samples.（4）Kitchen oil dust collection, atmospheric sample collection device in the mouthof diluted channel gather kitchen oil dust. This sample selected3large star hotels,7medium-sized hotels,10small hotels, after sampling mix various types of hotelsamples according to the proportion of flue gas emissions, to form the final kitchen oilsoot samples.（5）Road dust collection, this article selects the road dust in the different roads ofdifferent regions of Changchun city, include main road7strips, second road20strips,branch road40strips, a total of81sampling points. After collection of the sample willbe mixed by every approach to each type of road dust, then according to each type ofroad red line width, mix the four types of samples, after the mixing suspension againto obtain the final road dust samples.（6）Industrial dust collection, this paper selected20factories as sampling sites,after the samples gathering, mix the sample from the same factory. Then follow the proportion of the total emission of air pollution in the pollution emissions listing,according to the factory belong to their respective proportions, respectively get fromthe corresponding sample, eventually forming a sample, after resuspension it is onbehalf of Changchun city industry dust samples of pollution sources.（7）Automobile exhaust dust collection, this study selected10taxi,7bus,5vehicles,3trucks, adopts full flow dilute wind channel sampling methods forsampling. After sampling, according to the car ownership ratio of the four types, mixthese four types samples to get final car exhaust dust samples.（8）Building construction dust collection, the sample select10construction site,five road construction site, the all samples are mixed and then through theresuspension to get final sample.