Study On Uptake And Accumulation Of Three Sulfonamides In Plants

With the development of intensive farming，more and more sulfa drugs wereused to treat and promote the growth of livestock and poultry. Humans also used lotsof antibiotics. Antibiotics pollution problems caused by the abuse of antibiotics in theenvironment should not be ignored. Antibiotics which were on soil could causeserious damage to the micro-ecological system, and were likely to be absorbed andaccumulated by the plants. Human health maybe threatened through the vegetablesfood of plant.People paid more attention to animal product foods which were pollutedby antibiotics for a long time, such as meat, eggs and milk. Very few studies ofabsorption of plants had been made. The influence factors and absorption mechanismneed to be further researched. The test used tomato and castor as the objects ofresearch in hydroponic condition.The main results of the research are summarized asfollows:（1）A comprehensive analytical Method based on ultra-performance liquidchromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was developed for thesimultaneous determination of three sulfonamides and their main metabolites.Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out for the analyze under themulti-reaction monitoring（MRM）mode after the chromatographic separation onWaters ACQUITY UPLC BEN C18（2.1mm×100mm，1.7μm） column. The recoveryof standard additions ranged from78.9%to109%and the relative standard deviationranged from3.0%to12.6%. The limits of detection for the3sulfonamides and theirmain metabolites were in the range of0.08μg/kg to0.90μg/kg and the limit ofquantification was0.43³.00μg/kg.（2）Treated with concentration of10mg/L, Sulfadiazine （SDZ）, Sulfamethazine（SM₂）, Sulfamethoxazole （SMZ） were detected in the tomato xylem fluids. SDZ intomato xylem fluids reached maximum889.68μg/L in48hours. SM₂, SMZ in tomatoxylem fluids reached maximum,2026.23μg/L,582.23μg/L,respectively. Treated withconcentration of1.0mg/L, SDZ, SM₂, SMZ in tomato xylem fluids reached maximum,61.66μg/L,22.20μg/L,5.35μg/L, respectively. Sulfa-drugs concentration in tomatoxylem fluids tended to balance over time. SDZ, SM₂, SMZ were not detected in0.1mg/L treatment concentration within25days. Sulfa-drugs concentration in tomatofluids increased with the increasing of treatment concentration.N⁴-acetylsulfamethazine（N⁴-Ace-SM₂）,N⁴-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole（N⁴-Ac-SMZ） were not detected in xylem fluids of tomato.（3） Three Sulfonamides were all transported from root up to top, and got intobalance over time. The concentration of three Sulfonamides in tomato xylem fluidsdecreased with tomato plants height.（4） In different pH （4,6,8） solution for6days, the concentration of SM₂intomato xylem fluids reached maximum64.87μg/L. In different illuminationintensities （0,500,5000,50000lx） for6days, the concentration of SM₂in xylemfluids of tomato had significant difference. When the illumination intensity was500lx,the concentration reached maximum,92.08μg/L.（5）The transport of three Sulfonamides in xylem fluids and phloem fluids ofcastor was studied. Treated with different concentrations （1.0,10.0mg/L） for4days,three Sulfonamides were detected in xylem fluids except two metabolites. There wereSMZ, N⁴-Ace-SM42, N-Ac-SMZ in phloem fluids, but no SDZ,SM₂.（6） Long time treated with low dose drugs（0.1,1.0mg/L） and short time treatedwith high does drugs（10.0mg/L） in tomato were studied. SDZ and SM₂were notdetected in low dose drugs treated sample（0.1mg/L）,while the SMZ andN⁴-Ac-SMZ reached1.3μg/kg and4.1μg/kg in it. Three kinds of SAs and twometabolites were all detected in drugs treated samples（1.0mg/L,10mg/L）and theconcentration were among3.1and895.1μg/kg in the samples.