Development Of High Precision Diamond Turning Tool Lapping Technology

As the development of Defense, aerospace, energy, biomedical and other fields, demand of optical aspherical and free surface components is increasing. High-precision turning tools are needed urgently. However, currently, ultra precision turning tools are still manufactured by skilled workers, so the efficiency is quite low.In this thesis, a vision guided automatic lapping system for diamond turning tools was studied based on analysis of diamond turning tools’ forming principle. At first, the original control algorithm was improved, then turning tool’s radial translational motion was added in order to improve lapping efficiency and lapping disk’s utilization. The application of a new reside algorithm was to improve lapping efficiency and cutting edge’s accuracy. Secondly, in order to ensure that the structure have enough static and dynamic stiffness, a modal analysis and testing were implemented on this lapping system. By system vibration analysis based on single-factor experiments, variation of mechanical structure nodes’ vibration with lapping parameters were studied. Then influencing factors of lapping pressure in single-factor experiments were studied. The peaks of lapping pressure signal’s spectrum curve were fitted with Gaussian function to extract spectrum characteristics of lapping pressure. Finally, an orthogonal experiment was carried out for studying five main factors’ affect on lapping result. By analyzing range of experiment result, the influence degree of all factors and the optimum lapping parameters were obtained. A new lapping experiment under optimum parameter was conducted and a diamond turning tool with outline accuracy of1um was obtained.