| Pomegranate (Punica grarnatum L.) is the plant of punicaceae belonging to deciduousshrub or small trees. A variety of pomegranate is widely cultivated in China, and the annualproduction of pomegranate can be reached to as high as60000tons in Lintong area.According to previous reports, the pomegranate pulp which is edible accounts for about42.03%of the pomegranate’s total weight, while the pomegranate seeds which occupy about12.54%of the total weight have not been effectively used. Pomegranate seeds are rich of oiland other nutrients, so the pomegranate seeds oil which is extracted from pomegranate seedsis a kind of functional oils with promising ecnomic value. Extracting pomegranate seeds oilnot only has significant economic and social benefits, but also can reduce the waste ofresources, and can extend industrial chain of the pomegranate.This research was carried on which based on rich pomegranate resources in China, threedifferent varieties of pomegranate seed from Lin tong area were used as raw materials (Whitesweet pomegranate; Red acid pomegranate; Net skin pomegranate). The technologicalconditions of ultrasonic assisted organic solvent extraction which was used on extraction ofpomegranate seed oil was optimized, and the three different varieties of pomegranate seedyield efficiency was compared. The main factor on pomegranate seed oil extraction yield wasanalyzed by the response surface method, and physicochemical index of the different varietiesof pomegranate seeds oil were determined. Finally, the fatty acids of different varieties ofpomegranate seed oil was analyzed by meteorological chromatography and the conclusion canbe draw as follow:(1) The soxhlet extraction method was used to determine different varieties ofpomegranate seed oil content. The result is that the oil content of the Net skin pomegranateseed, Acid pomegranate seed and White sweet pomegranate seed is18.80%,15.07%and8.62%, respectively.(2) The ultrasonic assisted organic solvent extraction technology was used to extractpomegranate seed oil, petroleum ether was the extraction solvent, the ultrasonic extractiontechnology was optimized by single factor experiments, the Box-Behnken experimental design and the response surface analysis. The optimal process conditions was obtained:extraction temperature,39.93℃; time,33.20min; ultrasonic power,346.24W; liquid to solidritio,11.40mL/g. Under this extraction condition, The Net skin pomegranate seed oilextraction rate can reach to96.48%. the variable second multiple regression model of thepomegranate seed oil and all the factors of ultrasonic extraction was obtained. under theverification test, three varieties pomegranate seed oil had higher extraction rate and yieldefficiency in the above condition.(3) Several physicochemical index and the fatty acid composition of different varietiespomegranate seed oil were analysed, the result shows that the variance of pomegranate seedoil between different varieties of pomegranate is small, and all the pomegranate seed oil hasthe characteristics of low iodine value, high acid value and low peroxide value.(4) Gas chromatography was used to detect the fatty acids in pomegranate seed oil(hexadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, punicic acid, arachic acid andeicosenoic acid). The fatty acid composition of three varieties pomegranate seed oil is same,and the proportion of the punicic acid in three kinds of pomegranate seed oil is the highest inall the fatty acid (Net skin pomegranate seed oil76.18%; Acid pomegranate seed oil74.90%;White pomegranate seed oil80.46%). The Proportion of fatty acids in different varieties ofpomegranate seed oil has several differences. the content of oleic acid in white pomegranateseed oil is only2.86%, but the punicic acid content is higher (80.46%). Acid pomegranateseed oil contains more linoleic acid (7.89%), and the arachidic acid in net skin pomegranateseed oil was relatively higher (4.58%). |
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