| In organic synthetic methodology research, the construction of aryl C-C and C-X (N, O, S, and P) bond has been very important topic. We know that heterocyclic compound exist widely in nature and have a large range of biological activities, such as the nucleic acid, antibiotics, hormone, alkaloids and so forth. So a simple and effective synthesis method of heterocyclic compounds through constituting aryl C-C and C-X (N, O, S, P) bond will become one of the significant researches in field of organic chemistry. It mainly consists of the following two parts:1. Firstly, reactions and applications of Ullmann reaction are summarized. In this chapter, we summarized reaction from the historical background, reaction mechanism, and organic application. And because of the different types of reaction, respectively from two aspects, the construction of C-X (N, O, S, and P) and the reaction of cascade cyclization, we invested the applications of Ullmann reaction in organic synthesis. Secondly, reactions and applications of reaction catalyzed by Transition-Metal-Free are summarized. Compared with all kinds of shortage about transition metal-catalyzed reaction, does not contain the transition metal reaction began to close attention by all of us. These reactions have a wide coverage, involving intermolecular coupling reaction, some famous named reaction, intramolecular cyclization reaction and redox reaction and so on. This chapter will from these aspects of Transition-Metal-Free catalytic reaction to spread research.2. A simple, practical, and highly efficient base-promoted method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted isocoumarins and isoquinolinones. The structures of products further confirmed by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR spectras and crystal X-ray analysis. Compared to the expensive transition-metal catalyzed reaction, the process showed considerable synthetic advantages in terms of mild reaction condition, environmentally friendly and low cost. |
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