Eco-environmental Impact Of Urbanization Process Of Sand Areas

Since the1980s, urbanization has developed rapidly, and the rural economy flourished. The sandy special geographical ecological environment and ecological vulnerability effected greatly by human. The characteristics of the ecological system with low vegetation coverage, biodiversity, and the shortage of water constrain the development of urbanization. The same time, for the rapid economic development, natural resources exploited unregulately, deforestation, and overgrazing accelerated the destruction of the balance of the ecosystem of the sandy area. The local economic development and ecological environment construction slow become the main point to the sustainable development in northwest regions. The increasing of sandy ecological vulnerability and people’s material needs made the rapid economic development imperative. How to coordinate the relationship of ecological environment construction and the urbanization becomes an important research subject. The change of land use is the most direct reaction of the urbanization development. Through the research of land use change, combined with the change of the landscape pattern analysis, influence of the urbanization development on the ecological environment were explored.Lower population quality, extensive land use, unreasonable agricultural structure, and weakly ecological environment are typical in Northern sandy area, Yanchi county. Through investigation and statistical data analysis, with technology "3S", landscape analysis software and statistical analysis method, started from the analysis of the research area of land use structure, the article discussed the drive mechanism of changes with land use, the landscape pattern changes and social economic change caused by the urbanization. Research shows that:The level of Yanchi County’s urbanization rapidly grew in1985-1990and the rate of change was between54%and73.4%. From1990, the level of urbanization has decreased slowly, from the previous average annual growth of3.88%to an average annual decrease of0.53%. In the process of urbanization, landscape pattern changed. It shows the reduction of diversity, evenness, separation and fragmentation, the increases of the aggregation. Research shows that such typical desert region urbanization level in the past20years developed distinctly, and the landscape pattern changes also showed the distinct phases. The influence of ecological environment by the urbanization is positive, supported each other. Under the development of economic and the right policy guidance, the ecological environment has improved, and characteristic urbanization has developed steadily. The research of driving force of the process of urbanization on the ecological environment based on the research of land use changes.main drivers factor are natural factor, concentration of population, production technology, socio-economic development, and policy implications. Among them, the implementation of the policy of ecological construction impacted the greatest on the urbanization of the sandstorm area. In order to promote coordinated development of the development of urbanization and ecological environment construction in study area, land use pattern of the local ecology and production requirements should be optimized, and rational economic and industrial development model should be established. Besides, the policies for the development of local ecological should also be established.