Study On Synthesis Of Hexanitrostilbene From TNT

Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) has excellent chemical stability and good sensitivityperformance, it is a heat-resistant explosive to meet the fuze safety design specifications, andit has industrial production value. The HNS particularly applicable the wide range oftemperature and vacuum environmental conditions experienced in the universe, and plays animportant role in the spacecraft and space technology. HNS can also be used as an additive toimprove the TNT crystal morphology. So researching on the synthesis process of HNS hasvery important theoretical and realistic significance.This paper choose TNT as the initial material, ethanol as the single solvent and oxygenas oxidant, to get the target product. It is a new green approach, reducing costs , at the sametime, greatly reducing the pollution to the environment. We also use Melting point meter,Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and X-raysingle crystal diffraction and other test methods to analysis the structure and purity of theproduct.First step, the intermediates HNBB was synthesized by oxidative coupling reaction, Theoptimum conditions are obtained by single factor and orthogonal experiments, the result is asfollows: ethanol as solvent, sodium hypochlorite solution as the oxidant, the ratio of solvent,oxidant and TNT is 24mL∶4mL∶1g, reaction temperature 55℃, the reaction time was45min, the pH of the reaction medium is 12.65. Under this condition, the product yield up to82.36%.The singer crystal of HNBB was obtained by slow evaporation of a solvent at roomtemperature and the crystal structures was determined by Rigaku Saturn724 CCD X raydiffractometer. The results show that the crystal cell parameters of HNBB: a=5.8468(5) ,b=8.1253(11) , c=17.977(2) ,α=90°,β=97.154(8)°,γ=90°, V=847.38(17) 3, Z=2,Dx=1.773g/cm3,μ=0.159mm-1, F(000)=460. It belongs to the monoclinic system, and its space group is P2(1)/c.Second step, the target product HNS was synthesized by oxidative dehydrogenation, andthe optimum conditions are as follows: DMSO as the solvent, oxygen as the oxidant, andsodium benzoate as the catalyst, the ratio of solvent, catalyst and HNBB is 30mL∶0.25g∶1g,reaction temperature 25℃, the reaction time was 2.0h .Under this condition, the product yieldup to 76.54%。This work about the synthesis process of HNS, should provide valuable experimentaldata for further synthesis of HNS and applied research.