Pollution Characteristics And Source Analysis Of Elements Of The Pm_2.5 In Northeast Beijing

Fine particle PM_2.5has aroused widespread concern from the community, theambient air quality standard （GB3095-2012） set PM_2.5standard values in the firsttime, before implementation of the new standard in the country, analysis themonitoring results of PM_2.5from2007to2011up to5years in Beijing, and discusssignificance of the air quality protection measures in2008Olympics on the reductionof PM_2.5emission, it will have guiding significance for monitoring and mitigationmeasures of PM_2.5in national for the future.From September30,2007to June21,2011had a long samples of PM_2.5inatmospheric environment observation station of Chinese Research Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences in Beijing China, and analysised the elements of the PM_2.5.The paper analyzed the experimental results, the main conclusions are as follows:（1） For the analysis results on PM_2.5collected respectively on the daytime andnighttime form September30,2007to February23,2009show: the day-monthlyaverage concentration in August2008is not expected in a minimum value in allconcentrations, but slightly higher than day-monthly average concentration inSeptember. We get27effective membranes in August during the samplings, whichaverage concentration is75.3ug/m³from August1st to August7th, and had themaximum concentration of124.5ug/m³in August7th, the average concentration is48.5ug/m³from August8th to August31st. The concentration is higher in earlyAugust, which had a larger contribution on average.The further analysis shows thatthe South airflow regional slow transmission is the key factor of heavy air pollutionprocess of PM2.5in August7th during the Olympic Games.（2） For the analysis results of24hours concentration changes on PM_2.5werecollected from August8,2008to August24,2008show: the standard rate of24hoursaverage concentration is88.2%, during “the Olympic investment period" which from2005to2008, the investment environment management fee is45billion in Beijing. The air quality standard rate of each point and the environment governanceeconomic cost is512million in Beijing during Olympic games, the Olympic Gameshad a good air quality which were in a high economic costs as the premise. Thecountry with preparatory measures before Olympic Games and all kinds of measuresto protect air quality during the Olympic Games of Beijing as the basis, other cities ofour country can achieve the standards of PM_2.5.（3） For the analysis results on PM_2.5were collected continuously on the daytimeand nighttime form February23,2009to June21,2011show: the monthlyconcentration changes of PM_2.5had a good coincide with the seasonal variation trend,the monthly average concentrations in summer and autumn are lower than in winterand spring, The monthly average concentration values in August,2009during thesampling period is the lowest. The winter concentration was essentially unchangedboth2009-2010and2010-2011. Long term average concentration was80ug/m³, morethan the new standard value of35ug/m³of PM_2.5.After the Olympic Games, somecorresponding emission control measures were cancelled, which leading to long-termconcentration values of PM_2.5is larger than that in the Olympic Games samplingperiod.（4） The concentration in the form of Different units varies greatly, metallicelements associated with human contamination events,such as the concentration ofCd, As, Cu, Cr, to μg/g said to ng/m³expressed high; to crustal source elements Mg,Al, Ca, Fe, ng/m³said concentration than μg/g express high. At the same time,theanalysis results of elements obtain from daytime and nighttime continuous monitoringto sampling membranes on April13,2009to January4,2011time,on the base ofchange analysis of the measured element concentration （ng/m³） of the value, theelements can be divided into three categories: the first category: Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca,Fe; the second categories: P, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ba; the third categories: V, Cr, Co,Ni, Ga, As, Sr, Rb, Sc, Li, Y, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs.（5） For the factor analysis and enrichment factor analysis on PM_2.5from August1,2008to September27,2008, the results show that the major impact factors forsources of pollution in Northeast Beijing were5: the complex combustion sources related with transportation and transmission source,sinked in city soil system,sourceof combustion, buildings, ground dust, the source production of iron and steelindustry.（6） For statistical summary on the concentration of PM_2.5and weather conditionsfrom July24,2008to August24,2008,the results show that the mass concentrations ofPM_2.5in haze weather increased by65.8%than cleaning weather during daytime, theconcentrations of PM_2.5in haze weather increased by54.8%than cleaning weatherduring nighttime,the visibility is very small.