| Since the Three Gorges Project (TGP) was built, it has received much attention, especially about its influence on the ecological environment during the TGP’s construction and operating period. Research scholars of different fields pay their highly attention on this influence, such as ecology, environmental biology, hydrology and many other fields. Aves is one of the important biological groups of the terrestial vertebrates, they play an important role in biological control and keeping the balance of ecosystems, at the same time, they are also regarded as an indicator for regional ecological environment’s assessment. Therethrough, we investigate the bird resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Wetland Nature Reserve, Yichang section of the Three Gorges, to analyze the composition and diversity of bird communities. What’s more, we compare the result with the previous survey data to further investigate the changes of bird resources and ecological environment on the Three Gorges Reserve area in recent years. In this way, we can provide scientific and reasonable suggestions for the construction and conservation of this wetland reserve.Based on the investigation, the result shows that there were3569birds, which belong to16orders,32families and109species in this reserve. Of them, there are44(40.37%) non-passerine birds,65(59.63%) passerine birds;68(62.39%) residents,19(17.43%) summer migrant,18(16.51%) winter migrant,4(33.67%) passing migrant,87(79.82%) summer breeder (including summer migrant and resident); There are31(28.44%) palaearctic species,47(43.12%) oriental species, and31(28.44%) cosmopolitan species;5species are recorded on the list of national grade Ⅱ,31species are recorded on the list of wildlife under special protection of Hubei province.75species are helpful, economic and significant for science in China,5species are listed into CITES(3species listed in CITES Ⅲ,2species listed in CITES III),3species are listed into CADB,34species are listed into CSRL.The diversty and uniformity of bird community in winter is a little higher than that in summer, while the stability and richness in winter is lower than that in summer; Diversty of bird community in different habitat:H’(Brushwood)>H’(Highwood)> H’(Water)>H’(Farmland),uniformity:J(Highwood)>J(Farmland)>J (Brushwood)> J(Water),stability: S(Water)> S(Farmland)> S(Brushwood)> S(Highwood), richness: R(Water)>R(Highwood)>R(Farmland)>R(Brushwood), resemblance:the highest bird community is in the habitat of brushwood and farmland, the higher one is in highwood and farmland, brushwood and highwood, the lowest is in habitat of water and highwood.Mandarin Duck(Aix galericulata) population is mostly located at Qinggan, Luo Gudong, Tai Pingxi river in this reserve, what’s more, the most population is located at Qinggan river. Their overwintering behavior contains7types, which include foraging, swimming, adorning, resting, warning, lying and fighting. For the whole Aix galericulata population, there is an extremely significant positive correlation between swimming and flying behavior, while a significant positive correlation between foraging and swimming, but there is not any significant correlation among other behaviors; At different period of daytime, the flock size is constantly changing, we analyze the flock size and frequency of every kind of overwintering behaviors with Spearman Correlation. The result shows that there is a significant positive correlation not only between flock size and adorning behavior, but also between flock size and fighting behavior, at the same time, there is a significant negative correlation between flock size and warning behavior, but there is not any significant correlation between flock size with other behaviors.The results of analysis on the time-assignment of each overwintering behaviors show that the primary behavior types are adorning, swimming, foraging and resting, the secondary types are flying, while the time-assignment of warning and fighting behavior is a little. The male’s time-assignment of swimming and adorning behaviors is closer to the female’s, but there are some differences among other behaviors; we analyze the time-assignment of each overwintering behaviors at different period of daytime between the male and female with Mann-whiteny U Test, the results show that there is an extremly significant difference of warning behavior, a significant difference of fighting between the male and female, while there is not any significant difference of foraging, swimming, adorning, resting and flying behavior between them.During the time of filed investigation, the author found two birds of Timaliidae (Babblers) at Qinggan river, which is a tributary of Changjiang river. It was identified as Black-headed Sibia (Heterophasia melanoleuca), a new record of birds in Hubei Province. At last, based on the current situation of bird resource in this wetland reserve, some countermeasure and suggestion of protection are proposed. |
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