The Influence Of Stratified Ocean And Drift Velocity Changes Of Sea Ice On Upper Ocean Ekman Flow Field And The Heat Flux And Maintaining Mechanism Mechanism Of Subsurface Warm Water In The Arctic Ocean

Ekman flow is a prevalent movement in upper ocean. This paper proposes amethod to calculate Ekman flow field under ice by using CTD temperature andsalinity data, which is also compared with synchronizing ADCP data during the fourthArctic expedition in2010. By using this method, upper ocean Ekman flow field canbe calculated from CTD data, which can easily be obtained.Stratified ocean leads to viscidity reducing at maximum gradient layer of seawater density.It inhibits down propagating of flow, which makes Ekman flowdisappear at maximum gradient layer of sea water density. Analysis results show thatupper ocean Ekman flow field is deeper in winter and only reaches20m to30m insummer. Flow field becoming shallow means that the energy of moving sea ice cannot reach deeper. The energy accumulates in shallow surface ocean. This makes thebottom of sea ice melte faster.Analysis results also show that drift velocity changes of sea ice influencevelocity of flow in each layer but don’t influence the depth of frictional influence. thedepth of frictional influence is mainly determined by the density structure of sea water.The position of maximum gradient layer of sea water density determines thedepth of frictional influence. It has no evident relation to Velocity Changes of Sea Ice.Calculating viscidity need observation of density and flow field. Under thesituation only getting density data. Viscidity can be Calculated by using the calculation method in this paper.The subsurface warm water has been observed frequently in the summer ice-freesea area of the Arctic Ocean, that is, a temperature maximum occurred in water depthsof20to50m. This paper studies the turbulent heat flux of subsurface warm water.This paper adopts PP method, by using measured density profiles data and Ekmandrift shear estimates the vertical distribution of seawater vertical turbulent diffusioncoefficient, shows that the turbulent diffusion coefficient of upper ocean is bigger, upto1.5×10^-2m²/s, and turbulent heat flux is bigger; While at maximum gradient layerand below it the turbulent diffusion coefficient is only below1×10^-5m²/s to8×10^-5m²/s, making the subsurface warm water maintained.Subsurface warm water output energy flux is under5W/m2through turbulentdiffusion. In such a small diffusion coefficient, subsurface warm water accumulatesenergies and formate temperature peak.This article proposes, through heat flux of subsurface warm water, the solarradiation Ftwhich enters water can be estimated. The results show that the averagesolar radiant energy of each stations is very different, from several W/m²to more thanhundreds of W/m².It is considered the differences of ice thickness cause that. Whenwinter comes and solar radiation reduced or abolished, subsurface warm water willnot rapidly disappeare. The heat content of subsurface warm water will still makesubsurface warm water exists for a long period of time. This calculation results showthat subsurface warm water may keep1to4months. Subsurface warm wateraccumulates many energies. The turbulent diffusion coefficient is small. Sosubsurface warm water put out energy long-term and slowly.