The Study Of The Atomic State Preparation At Cs Atomic Magnetometer

The detection of the low-intensity magnetic field is applied widely in forcivilianuse andmilitary affairs, such as medical science, earthquake prediction, navigation. The technology ofthe atomic magnetometer, which is the highest sensitive magnetometer, is mature. The highersensitivity and simple device are the most important advantages. This paper presents the studyof atomic state preparation at the Cs atomic magnetometer, in theory and experiment.Firstly, we show the application of the magnetometer, some frequently-usedmagnetometers with their advantages and disadvantages, and the necessity and importance ofthis paper’s work.Secondly, we present the basic principle of the atomic magnetometer: the fine structureand hyperfine structure of the Cs atom; the optical pumping; the evolution of the polarizationin the magnetic field; optical detection.Then, we give some mechanisms about the atomic state preparation. The light pumpingdependent on the light intensity and the temperature. The spin relaxation includes: spinexchange relaxation; spin destruction collision relaxation; wall collision relaxation. The spinexchange relaxation dependent on the temperature and the magnetic field， and the spinexchange relaxation free mechanism is discussed. The depending of the summationdestruction collision relaxation on the temperature is shown. The relation of the wall wallcollision relaxation with the temperature, radium and the buffer gas is given. The polarizationand sensitivity in different distance parallel to the pump light are discussed. The signal isgiven in theory, and the absorption in the circular dichroism signal is discusseed.The next part is about the experiment, including experimental setup and data. Thedifference between the experimental signal and the theoretical value is given. The dependenceon the temperature of the signal is given, and we compare it with the absorption of the theory.We use the experimental data to calculate the spin relaxation. At last we study the slope of thezero points in the dispersion spectrum in experiment, and the relation between the slope andthe light power.At last, we present the conclusion, and the important question and problem are shown.