Research On The Enviromental Facators Response To Different Wetlans Wetland Plantes In Tumen River

This paper takes various types of wetland plants located in the upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley as research objects. Analyzes and studies structural characteristics and diversity change rules of various types of wetland plants communities located in the upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley by adopting α diversity index analysis method. Analyzes the responses of various types of wetland plants community located in the upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley to the environment factors by using TWINSPAN sorting and partitioning method for plant association and CCA. lays a foundation for future research on ecological process, structure and function of wetlands ecosystem of Tumen River valley and provides scientific basis for the research on protection and restoration of fragile wetlands and wildlife habitats. The research results are as follows:(1) In the quantitative research carried out for various types of wetlands located in the upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley,149types of wetland plants distributed in the upper reaches of Tumen River were collected, belonging to40families and93genus;95types of wetland plants distributed in the middle reaches of Tumen River were collected, belonging to31families and57genus;99types of wetland plants distributed in the lower reaches of Tumen River were collected, belonging to38families and76genus; and total284types of wetland plants distributed in the entire Tumen River valley were collected, belonging to62families and148genus. As for the similarity of plant composition in terms of family, the highest similarity appears between middle reaches and lower reaches, and then between upper reaches and middle reaches, the lowest similarity happens between upper reaches and lower reaches. In terms of genus, the highest similarity still appears between middle reaches and lower reaches, and then between upper reaches and middle reaches, the lowest similarity happens between upper reaches and lower reaches. The similarities of family and genus of wetland plants located in upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley present the same tendency.(2) The variation in altitude from the upper reaches to lower reaches of Tumen River valley is1000m, species richness shows a fluctuating rising tendency from top to bottom, species from less to more; dominance and diversity index present a minor fluctuating rising tendency and evenness index doesn’t change significantly. The species richness, dominance, diversity and evenness index all touch the bottom at Circular Pond Lake Wetland in the upper reaches and Haerbaling Lake Wetland in the middle reaches; while higher species richness and diversity appear at Guangping Swampiness Grassy Marshland Wetland in the upper reaches and Liangbing Swampiness Grassy Marshland Wetland; in the transition from Circular Pond Lake Wetland in the upper reaches to Bushwood Wetland and from Haerbaling Lake Wetland in the middle reaches to Swampiness Grassy Marshland Wetland, the indexes of species richness and diversity have the tendency from low to high; on the whole, among different types of wetlands located in upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley, the swampiness grassy marshland has the most abundant species and presents a higher degree of diversity.(3) Through investigation and analysis of environment factors of14wetlands, the major factors which affect the distribution pattern of wetlands plants in upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley include altitude, total potassium, PH value, rapid available phosphorus, land surface temperature, amount of precipitation, average temperature, sunshine duration and relative humidity. Among these factors, altitudinal gradient which is concentrated expression of many environment factors is the primary factor influencing the distribution of wetland plants along Tumen River valley. Besides, total phosphorus in soil has certain effects on the distribution of herbaceous plants. From upper reaches of Tumen River to lower reaches, content of total potassium in soil, amount of precipitation, sunshine duration and relative humidity decrease gradually as altitude decreases, while PH value of soil, content of rapid available phosphorus, land surface temperature and average temperature increases gradually; and organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, rapid available potassium and water content in the soil have no significant influences on the distribution of wetland plants in upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tumen River valley.