| A new method of preparing samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) wasestablished by ourselves. By this method, the structure under pellicle of parameciumcaudatum、urostyla sp.and paraurostyla weissei was observed. SEM was combinedwith transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtained following results:(1) The obtained results of paramecium caudatumSurface membrane: Reveals the real three-dimensional structure of the surfacemembrane, there are many regular alveolus on the inner surface of membrane and theirsize is about0.9×0.7μm. There are two kinetosomes in the center of the alveolus andtheir diameter is about0.2μm. A kinetodesma fiber extends from one of thekinetosomes toward right front, and combines with the adjacent fibers to forms akinetodesma.Fibers layers: There are fibers layers under the pellicular. These intense fiberswrapped plenty of vesicles including two kinds of trichocysts, Rather than in the pastsaid there is only one. This new to see the trichocysts spindle-shaped, This new barbedwire to see the bubble spindle-shaped; slender; vesicular bodies length of about1-2μm;diameter of about0.5-0.7μm; electronic staining is deep compared with the knowns;one to the electron density of the vesicular bodies and the cap. The function differenceis unclear in two kinds of trichocysts.Cytopharynx: The three-dimensional conformation of cytopharynx inner walls ofParamecium caudatum was observed by SEM., Its cytopharynx inward bulge and theshape is like a long tube and diameter is about5μm. Ribbed wall is rounded by a meshfiber layer that act as a cytoskeleton to support the cytopharynx. These structures not beseen in urostyla sp.and paraurostyla weissei, implies in origin and evolution of thecytopharynx, paramecium sp., prostomatida sp., and dileptus sp.are more recent,urostyla sp.and paraurostyla weissei are far away.(2)The obtained results of urostyla sp.and paraurostyla weisseiThe base microtubule of ciliatures: In urostyla sp. and paraurostyla weissei, we allobserved these structures: a. Microtubules in the lapel part of the adoral zone ofmembranelles (AZM) are transverse parallel arranged and some microtubules connect two adjacent microtubules to form a ladder-like bracket. b. There are parallel oral-ribwall microtubules stretching from the right of brackets to the cortex. c. End oralmembrane (EM) and par oral membrane (PM) are connected by “∧” shapedmicrotubules. In paraurostyla weissei, there are few of bulky microtubules. d. There is athick microtubule on the top link up all of the membrane brackets. e. At every cirrusbase of the body area, a slender anterior longitudinal microtubule (ALM) stretches left,and a short ALM stretches right. But the short one stretching right seems moredeveloped in paraurostyla weissei.Subsidiary structures under the pellicle: There are some red blood cell-likeparticles were observed by SEM，except for some mitochondria (MIT) and secondaryvacuous digestives, in both paraurostyla weissei. And urostyla sp. In addition, there aretwo kind of extrusome in urostyla sp: a. Trichites, the shape likes “rhomboid”. b.Mucocyst was bubbly; three parts can be recognized in the mucocyst according to theelectron density of the crystal substance within mucocyst: head, body and tail; Inparaurostyla weissei, there are many cortex particles and vesicle granules in varioussizes and shapes on the surface, diameter is about0.05-0.25μm... |
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